2,001 research outputs found
A rapid solvent accessible surface area estimator for coarse grained molecular simulations
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136759/1/jcc24709_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136759/2/jcc24709.pd
Group Supervision Attitudes: Supervisory Practices Fostering Resistance to Adoption of Evidence-Based Practices
The focus of this study was to qualitatively evaluate workerâs attitudes about clinical supervision. It is believed that poor attitudes toward clinical supervision can create barriers during supervision sessions. Fifty-one participants within a social services organization completed an open-ended questionnaire regarding their clinical supervision experiences. Results suggest four key areas which appear to be strong factors in workersâ experiences and attitudes regarding group supervision: a. facilitatorâs skill level; b. creativity; c. utilization of technology; and d. applicability. For organizations interested in overcoming potential barriers to adopting best practices, effectively addressing workersâ negative attitudes toward group supervision would be a worthy endeavor
Coronal Temperature Diagnostic Capability of the Hinode/X-Ray Telescope Based on Self-Consistent Calibration
The X-Ray Telescope (XRT) onboard the Hinode satellite is an X-ray imager
that observes the solar corona with unprecedentedly high angular resolution
(consistent with its 1" pixel size). XRT has nine X-ray analysis filters with
different temperature responses. One of the most significant scientific
features of this telescope is its capability of diagnosing coronal temperatures
from less than 1 MK to more than 10 MK, which has never been accomplished
before. To make full use of this capability, accurate calibration of the
coronal temperature response of XRT is indispensable and is presented in this
article. The effect of on-orbit contamination is also taken into account in the
calibration. On the basis of our calibration results, we review the
coronal-temperature-diagnostic capability of XRT
Capturing Complete Spatial Context in Satellite Observations of Greenhouse Gases
Scientific consensus from a 2015 pre-Decadal Survey workshop highlighted the essential need for a wide-swath (mapping) low earth orbit (LEO) instrument delivering carbon dioxide (CO_2), methane (CH_4), and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements with global coverage. OCO-2 pioneered space-based CO_2 remote sensing, but lacks the CH_4, CO and mapping capabilities required for an improved understanding of the global carbon cycle. The Carbon Balance Observatory (CARBO) advances key technologies to enable high-performance, cost-effective solutions for a space-based carbon-climate observing system. CARBO is a compact, modular, 15-30° field of view spectrometer that delivers high-precision CO_2, CH_4, CO and solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) data with weekly global coverage from LEO. CARBO employs innovative immersion grating technologies to achieve diffraction-limited performance with OCO-like spatial (2x2 km^2) and spectral (λ/Îλ â 20,000) resolution in a package that is >50% smaller, lighter and more cost-effective. CARBO delivers a 25- to 50-fold increase in spatial coverage compared to OCO-2 with no loss of detection sensitivity. Individual CARBO modules weigh < 20 kg, opening diverse new space-based platform opportunities
A Humanized Pattern of Aromatase Expression is Associated with Mammary Hyperplasia in Mice
Aromatase is essential for estrogen production and is the target of aromatase inhibitors, the most effective endocrine treatment for postmenopausal breast cancer. Peripheral tissues in women, including the breast, express aromatase via alternative promoters. Female mice lack the promoters that drive aromatase expression in peripheral tissues; thus, we generated a transgenic humanized aromatase (Arom(hum)) mouse line containing a single copy of the human aromatase gene to study the link between aromatase expression in mammary adipose tissue and breast pathology. Arom(hum) mice expressed human aromatase, driven by the proximal human promoters II and I.3 and the distal promoter I.4, in breast adipose fibroblasts and myoepithelial cells. Estrogen levels in the breast tissue of Arom(hum) mice were higher than in wild-type mice, whereas circulating levels were similar. Arom(hum) mice exhibited accelerated mammary duct elongation at puberty and an increased incidence of lobuloalveolar breast hyperplasia associated with increased signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 phosphorylation at 24 and 64 wk. Hyperplastic epithelial cells showed remarkably increased proliferative activity. Thus, we demonstrated that the human aromatase gene can be expressed via its native promoters in a wide variety of mouse tissues and in a distribution pattern nearly identical to that of humans. Locally increased tissue levels, but not circulating levels, of estrogen appeared to exert hyperplastic effects on the mammary gland. This novel mouse model will be valuable for developing tissue-specific aromatase inhibition strategies
Simultaneous Extraction of the Fermi constant and PMNS matrix elements in the presence of a fourth generation
Several recent studies performed on constraints of a fourth generation of
quarks and leptons suffer from the ad-hoc assumption that 3 x 3 unitarity holds
for the first three generations in the neutrino sector. Only under this
assumption one is able to determine the Fermi constant G_F from the muon
lifetime measurement with the claimed precision of G_F = 1.16637 (1) x 10^-5
GeV^-2. We study how well G_F can be extracted within the framework of four
generations from leptonic and radiative mu and tau decays, as well as from K_l3
decays and leptonic decays of charged pions, and we discuss the role of lepton
universality tests in this context. We emphasize that constraints on a fourth
generation from quark and lepton flavour observables and from electroweak
precision observables can only be obtained in a consistent way if these three
sectors are considered simultaneously. In the combined fit to leptonic and
radiative mu and tau decays, K_l3 decays and leptonic decays of charged pions
we find a p-value of 2.6% for the fourth generation matrix element |U_{e 4}|=0
of the neutrino mixing matrix.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures with 16 subfigures, references and text added
refering to earlier related work, figures and text in discussion section
added, results and conclusions unchange
Analysis of System Training Impact for Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPs): Training Systems Acquisition
This work was conducted by the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) under contract W91WAW-09-C-0003, Task BE-2-3376, âAnalysis of Systems Training Impact for Major Defense Acquisition Programs,â for the Director, Training Readiness and Strategy, in the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness.W91WAW-09-C-0003, Task BE-2-337
Avian Influenza Virus A (H5N1), Detected through Routine Surveillance, in Child, Bangladesh
We identified avian influenza virus A (H5N1) infection in a child in Bangladesh in 2008 by routine influenza surveillance. The virus was of the same clade and phylogenetic subgroup as that circulating among poultry during the period. This case illustrates the value of routine surveillance for detection of novel influenza virus
Discovery of a Dusty Ring in the Coalsack: A Dense Core Caught in the Act of Formation?
We present a new infrared extinction study of Globule 2, the most opaque
molecular cloud core in the Coalsack complex. Using deep near-infrared imaging
observations obtained with the ESO NTT we are able to examine the structure of
the globule in significantly greater detail than previously possible. We find
the most prominent structural feature of this globule to be a strong central
ring of dust column density which was not evident in lower resolution studies
of this cloud. This ring represents a region of high density and pressure that
is likely a transient structure. For a spherical cloud geometry the ring would
correspond to a dense inner shell of high pressure that could not be in
dynamical equilibrium with its surroundings since there appear to be no sources
of pressure in the central regions of the cloud that could support the shell
against gravity and prevent its inward implosion. The timescale for the inward
collapse of the ring would be less than 2 x 10^5 years, suggesting that this
globule is in an extremely early stage of evolution, and perhaps caught in the
process of forming a centrally condensed dense core or Bok globule. Outside its
central regions the globule displays a well-behaved density profile whose shape
is very similar to that of a stable Bonnor-Ebert sphere. Using SEST we also
obtained a C18O spectrum toward the center of the cloud. The CO observation
indicates that the globule is a gravitationally bound object. Analysis of the
CO line profile reveals significant non-thermal gas motions likely due to
turbulence. As a whole the globule may be evolving to a global state of
quasi-static dynamical equilibrium in which thermal and turbulent pressure
balance gravity.Comment: Contains 21 pages and 5 figures. Due to space limitations in astroph,
figures 1, 3 & 5 are submitted as separate .jpg files. Full resolution
figures and text can be downloaded from
http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~clada/preprints.htm
Are mice good models for human neuromuscular disease? Comparing muscle excursions in walking between mice and humans
The mouse is one of the most widely used animal models to study neuromuscular diseases and test new therapeutic strategies. However, findings from successful pre-clinical studies using mouse models frequently fail to translate to humans due to various factors. Differences in muscle function between the two species could be crucial but often have been overlooked. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare muscle excursions in walking between mice and humans
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