2002 National Survey of Latinos

Explores the attitudes and experiences of Hispanics on identity and assimilation, discrimination, economics, and the healthcare system. Highlights key areas of demographic differences among subgroups, to illustrate the diversity of the Latino population

Determination of geographic origin of unprovenanced Aboriginal skeletal remains in South Australia employing stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis.

Bone collagen stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of prehistoric human remains recovered from various known localities in southeastern South Australia provide isotopic signatures that distinguish the following geographic regions: the coastal Coorong, the coastal Murray River Mouth, Swanport (Lower Murray River), and Roonka (Upper Murray River). These regional isotopic signatures are employed to determine geographic origin of unprovenanced Aboriginal skeletal remains curated by the South Australian Museum. Nearly 85% of the unprovenanced sample (77/91) could be assigned to a particular geographic zone on the basis of isotopic values, and a further 13% (12/91) were assigned to areas intermediate between two geographic zones. Only two of the 91 individuals possessed anomalous isotopic values in relation to the standard values derived from known geographic localities. Isotopic analysis provides an independent means to address geographic origin of skeletal remains that can supplement other methods, e.g. metric, non-metric, and DNA analysis

HST Imaging of the Globular Clusters in the Fornax Cluster: NGC 1399 and NGC 1404

The Fornax cluster galaxies NGC 1399 and NGC 1404 are ideal for studying the effects of a cluster environment on globular cluster systems. Here we present new optical imaging of these two galaxies from both the Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 and the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory's 1.5m telescope. The combination of both data sets provides unique insight on the spatial and colour distribution of globular clusters. From B-I colours, we find that both galaxies have a broad globular cluster metallicity distribution that is inconsistent with a single population. Two Gaussians provide a reasonable representation of the metallicity distribution in each galaxy. The metal-rich subpopulation is more centrally concentrated than the metal-poor one. We show that the radial metallicity gradient can be explained by the changing relative mix of the two globular cluster subpopulations. We derive globular cluster surface density profiles, and find that they are flatter (i.e. more extended) than the underlying starlight. The total number of globular clusters and specific frequency are calculated to be N = 5700 +/- 500, S_N = 11.5 +/- 1.0 for NGC 1399 and N = 725 +/- 145, S_N = 2.0 +/- 0.5 for NGC 1404. Our results are compared to the expectations of globular cluster formation scenarios.Comment: 21 pages, Latex, 13 figures, submitted to MNRA

Investigation of the structure and magnetism in lanthanide ß-triketonate tetranuclear assemblies

The preparation of discrete tetranuclear lanthanide/alkali metal (Ae) assemblies bearing a tribenzoylmethane ligand (LH) is discussed. These assemblies have the general formula [Ln(Ae·HOEt)(L)4]2, where Ln3+ = Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+ and Ae+ = Na+, K+, Rb+. The coordination geometries of the lanthanide species were analyzed and compared, revealing a trend between an eight-coordinate square antiprism and triangular dodecahedron dependent on the nature of lanthanide, alkali metal, and lattice solvent. The potassium-containing analogs were also analyzed for their magnetic susceptibility

Flexible use of a dynamic energy landscape buffers a marine predator against extreme climate variability

Animal migrations track predictable seasonal patterns of resource availability and suitable thermal habitat. As climate change alters this 'energy landscape', some migratory species may struggle to adapt. We examined how climate variability influences movements, thermal habitat selection and energy intake by juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) during seasonal foraging migrations in the California Current. We tracked 242 tuna across 15 years (2002-2016) with high-resolution archival tags, estimating their daily energy intake via abdominal warming associated with digestion (the 'heat increment of feeding'). The poleward extent of foraging migrations was flexible in response to climate variability, allowing tuna to track poleward displacements of thermal habitat where their standard metabolic rates were minimized. During a marine heatwave that saw temperature anomalies of up to +2.5 degrees C in the California Current, spatially explicit energy intake by tuna was approximately 15% lower than average. However, by shifting their mean seasonal migration approximately 900 km poleward, tuna remained in waters within their optimal temperature range and increased their energy intake. Our findings illustrate how tradeoffs between physiology and prey availability structure migration in a highly mobile vertebrate, and suggest that flexible migration strategies can buffer animals against energetic costs associated with climate variability and change

2017 Scientific Consensus Statement: land use impacts on the Great Barrier Reef water quality and ecosystem condition

This report provides the 2017 Scientific Consensus Statement for the Great Barrier Reef – a review of the significant advances in scientific knowledge of water quality issues in the Great Barrier Reef to arrive at a consensus on the current understanding of the system. The consensus statement was produced by a multidisciplinary group of scientists, with oversight from the Reef Independent Science Panel, and supports the development of the Reef 2050 Water Quality Improvement Plan 2017–2022

Land use change in the river basins of the Great Barrier Reef, 1860 to 2019: a foundation for understanding environmental history across the catchment to reef continuum

Land use in the catchments draining to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon has changed considerably since the introduction of livestock grazing, various crops, mining and urban development. Together these changes have resulted in increased pollutant loads and impaired coastal water quality. This study compiled records to produce annual time-series since 1860 of human population, livestock numbers and agricultural areas at the scale of surface drainage river basins, natural resource management regions and the whole Great Barrier Reef catchment area. Cattle and several crops have experienced progressive expansion interspersed by declines associated with droughts and diseases. Land uses which have experienced all time maxima since the year 2000 include cattle numbers and the areas of sugar cane, bananas and cotton. A Burdekin Basin case study shows that sediment loads initially increased with the introduction of livestock and mining, remained elevated with agricultural development, and declined slightly with the Burdekin Falls Dam construction

2017 Scientific Consensus Statement: land use impacts on the Great Barrier Reef water quality and ecosystem condition, Chapter 5: overview of key findings, management implications and knowledge gaps

To support the development of the Reef 2050 Water Quality Improvement Plan 2017-2022, a multidisciplinary group of scientists, with oversight from the Reef Independent Science Panel, was established to review and synthesise the significant advances in scientific knowledge of water quality issues in the Great Barrier Reef to arrive at a consensus on the current understanding of the system. For the 2017 Scientific Consensus Statement, the information and findings in these assessments and in other scientific publications were reviewed and synthesised in four supporting chapters. This fifth and final chapter provides a synthesis of the key findings of these four chapters and, based on this evidence, makes recommendations for future management of water quality in the Great Barrier Reef. The overarching consensus is that: Key Great Barrier Reef ecosystems continue to be in poor condition. This is largely due to the collective impact of land run-off associated with past and ongoing catchment development, coastal development activities, extreme weather events and climate change impacts such as the 2016 and 2017 coral bleaching events. Current initiatives will not meet the water quality targets. To accelerate the change in on-ground management, improvements to governance, program design, delivery and evaluation systems are urgently needed. This will require greater incorporation of social and economic factors, better targeting and prioritisation, exploration of alternative management options and increased support and resources

2017 Scientific Consensus Statement: land use impacts on the Great Barrier Reef water quality and ecosystem condition, Chapter 2: sources of sediment, nutrients, pesticides and other pollutants to the Great Barrier Reef

This chapter provides an up-to-date review of the state of knowledge relating to the source of sediment and nutrients as well as pesticides and other pollutants delivered to the Great Barrier Reef from adjacent catchments. The strengths and limitations of the various datasets are also discussed. Collectively, sediment, nutrients, pesticides and other pollutants (e.g. petroleum hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals) are described as ‘pollutants’. This chapter is focused on defining the major source areas of these pollutants across the Great Barrier Reef, how these sources have varied in space and time, the major processes (e.g. hillslope, gully and streambank erosion) delivering these pollutants, their relative loads to the Great Barrier Reef and a summary of the main drivers in terms of land use, land condition and agricultural practices. Plot- and paddock-scale studies, including the effectiveness of remediation approaches, are summarised in Chapter 4. Acknowledging that all forms of data used to estimate pollutant loads to the Great Barrier Reef have constraints and limitations, this review uses a ‘multiple lines of evidence’ approach and draws on data from three main sources. These include the Queensland Government load monitoring data, the latest Queensland Government whole of Great Barrier Reef Source Catchments modelling results (which underpin the Report Card 2015) as well as a summary of the numerous individual research projects and synthesis reports published over the last four years. Data and information are included that was published, publicly available and that had undergone a peer review process. In a few cases, grey literature (e.g. consulting reports) and journal publications currently in review are included. A synthesis of the broad findings of this chapter are outlined below and in Table 1. A detailed description of what has changed since the last Scientific Consensus Statement is provided in Table 20

Amalgame: Cosmological Constraints from the First Combined Photometric Supernova Sample

Future constraints of cosmological parameters from Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) will depend on the use of photometric samples, those samples without spectroscopic measurements of the SNe Ia. There is a growing number of analyses that show that photometric samples can be utilised for precision cosmological studies with minimal systematic uncertainties. To investigate this claim, we perform the first analysis that combines two separate photometric samples, SDSS and Pan-STARRS, without including a low-redshift anchor. We evaluate the consistency of the cosmological parameters from these two samples and find they are consistent with each other to under $1\sigma$. From the combined sample, named Amalgame, we measure $\Omega_M = 0.328 \pm 0.024$ with SN alone in a flat $\Lambda$CDM model, and $\Omega_M = 0.330 \pm 0.018$ and $w = -1.016^{+0.055}_{-0.058}$ when combining with a Planck data prior and a flat $w$CDM model. These results are consistent with constraints from the Pantheon+ analysis of only spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia, and show that there are no significant impediments to analyses of purely photometric samples of SNe Ia.Comment: Submitting to MNRAS; comments welcom