Correlation between AFRIMS and commercial anti-HEV IgM Assay.

*<p>AFRIMS in-house anti-HEV IgM Immunoassay as described in Myint 2006.</p>**<p>Anti-HEV IgM Enzyme Immunoassay 1056, Medical Biological Service (MBS), Milano, Italy.</p

Demographic characteristics of acute hepatitis E disease patients and age-matched controls.

<p>NB. Conservative case definition includes only individuals found to be anti-HEV IgM seropositive by the AFRIMS assay. The liberal case definition includes individuals found positive by either AFRIMS or the MBS assay.</p>*<p>p<0.05, Univariate conditional (fixed effects) logistic regression comparing cases and controls.</p>**<p>Comparison of marital status excluded individuals ineligible for marriage as an exposure as age≤15, Divorced/Widowed not shown (n = 2).</p>†<p>“Don't Know” responses excluded, each category tested against “None/Housework”, adjusting for other categories of employment in a multivariate conditional logistic regression model.</p>¶<p>Poor nutritional status defined by Mid-upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)<22.5. MUAC comparison was restricted to participants>15 y.o.</p>‡<p>Comparison of education excluded individuals ineligible for schooling as an exposure as age<7.</p>§<p>A household score was created based on the sum of ordinal values issued for the type of roof, floor and wall construction. The OR was calculated for every one unit increase in household score (p>0.05, NS).</p

Exposure characteristics of acute hepatitis E patients and age-matched controls.

<p>NB. Conservative case definition includes only individuals found to be anti-HEV IgM seropositive by the AFRIMS assay. The liberal case definition includes individuals found positive by either AFRIMS or the MBS assay.</p>*<p>“None” is not shown, comparison of livestock ownership uses “None” as the reference category (OR = 1.0).</p>**<p>Recent is defined as in the three months prior to the onset of illness/interview</p>†<p>Defined as the number of times eating food prepared outside the home in an average week.</p>§<p>p<0.005, Univariate conditional (fixed effects) logistic regression (CLR) comparing cases and controls.</p>‡<p>“Don't know” (n<5) responses not shown/included in analysis.</p>||<p>p<0.05, Univariate conditional (fixed effects) logistic regression comparing cases and controls.</p>††<p>In an age category stratified analysis (≤15, 16–30,>30) only the≤15 group remained significantly at risk, likely due to low n's in each age category.</p>‡‡<p>This association likely reflects a local practice of seeking initial care from traditional “faith” healers early during hepatitis-like illnesses.</p

Case and control screening and selection diagram.

<p>Case and control screening and selection diagram.</p

Geographic location and layout of the ICDDR,B Matlab Health Research Center.

<p>* *Modified, with permission, from Canada's International Development Research Center, <a href="http://www.idrc.ca" target="_blank">www.idrc.ca</a> and the ICDDR,B <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0061351#pone.0061351-Health1" target="_blank">[52]</a>.</p