Metazoários parasitos de quatro espécies de peixes da bacia Igarapé Fortaleza, estado do Amapá (Brasil).

Este estudo avaliou a fauna de metazoários parasitando Pygocentrus nattereri, Gymnotus carapo, Astyanax abramis e Astyanax sp. da bacia do Igarapé da Fortaleza, estado do Amapá (Brasil). Os peixes foram coletados de outubro de 2012 a abril de 2013, e as quatro espécies de hospedeiros examinados estavam parasitados por 14 táxons de metazoários e um total de 580 parasitos foram coletados. Somente larvas de Contracaecum sp. foram comuns a todos os hospedeiros examinados e metacercárias de Posthodiplostomum sp. ocorreram em três espécies de hospedeiros, enquanto Ergasilus sp. foi encontrado somente em G. carapo. Monogeneas Urocleidoides affinis ocorreram somente em A. abramis e Astyanax sp., enquanto em P. nattereri foram encontradas outras cinco espécies de monogeneas e G. carapo outras três espécies. Portanto, houve uma predominância de ectoparasitos e entre os endoparasitos a predominância foi de estágios larvais. Este é o primeiro relato desses parasitos para P. nattereri, G. carapo, A. abramis e Astyanax sp

Diversidade de parasitos metazoários em Geophagus altifrons (Cichlidae) da Bacia do Rio Jari, AP, Brasil.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a comunidade e infracomunidades de parasitos em Geophagus altifrons do Rio Jari, município de Laranjal de Jari, estado do Amapá, na região da Amazônia Oriental.Editoras técnicas: Cristiane Ramos de Jesus, Ana Cláudia Lira-Guedes e Adelina do Socorro Serrão Belém. ODS-14

Avaliação de sete genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) para producao de silagem. II. Padrão de fermentação.

Para avaliar a qualidade das silagens de sete genótipos de sorgo, de diferentes portes e suculência do colmo, cortados aos 102 dias de idade, foram estudados os padrões de fermentação após 7, 14,28 e 56 dias de ensilagem. Observou-se correlação entre os teores de matéria seca e de suculência do colmo, sendo os genótipos de colmo seco superiores aos de colmo suculento. Aos 56 dias de fermentação a variação foi de 23,1 a 36,1 %. O pH das silagens dos sete tipos de sorgo já estava estabilizado aos sete dias de ensilagem e aos 56 dias oscilou de 3,5 a 4,3. Os sorgos de porte alto e colmo suculento apresentaram os maiores teores de carboidratos solúveis, que variaram de 4,0 a 17,2% no material original. No período final da ensilagem a variação no teor de ácido láctico foi de 2,8 a 8,5%, sendo os dois sorgos de porte médio os de valores mais baixos. O nitrogênio amoniacal em porcentagem do nitrogênio total variou de 3,8 a 6,3% aos 56 dias, sugerindo que as porcentagens de matéria seca obtidas para os sete genótipos foram suficientes para minimizar a proteólise

Supplementation of Lysine and Methionine in Milk Replacer or Starter Concentrate for Dairy Calves in Step‐Up/Step‐Down Feeding Program

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and metabolic changes in dairy calves fed in a step‐up/step‐down program and supplemented with lysine and methionine in a milk replacer (MR) or starter concentrate (SC). Male Holstein calves (n = 45) were blocked and distributed in the control without supplementation (1) and with lysine and methionine supplementation in the SC to achieve an intake of 17 and 5.3 g/d, respectively (2), and in the MR to achieve the same daily intake (3). MR was fed 4 L/d until the 2nd week, 8 L/d from the 3rd to 6th week, and 4 L/d from the 7th to 8th week, when calves were weaned. The calves were followed until the 10th week of age. Feed intake was measured daily. Weight and body measurements were registered weekly, and blood samples were collected biweekly. The lysine and methionine intake during the whole period was higher when supplementation occurred via MR. There was a supplementation effect for average daily gain after weaning, and the animals supplemented in the MR had lower BW than those that were not supplemented. Supplementation in MR decreased starter intake at the 10th week and total intake (g DM/d) after weaning. Supplementation with lysine and methionine in the MR or the SC did not benefit the performance or metabolism of dairy calves in the step‐up/step‐down program. Further studies are needed to understand the effects of amino acid supplementation on feed intake.Fil: Silva, Jackeline Thais. University of São Paulo. Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture. Department of Animal Science; Brasil. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Miqueo, Evangelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; ArgentinaFil: Torrezan, Thaís Manzoni. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Rocha, Nathália Brito. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Slanzon, Giovana Simão. Universidade do Sao Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz; BrasilFil: Virginio Júnior, Gercino Ferreira. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Bittar, Carla M.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

Comparação de sistemas de avaliação de dietas para bovinos no modelo de produção intensiva de carne. Suplementação do pasto para vacas na estação seca.

Escanea

Nemabiome metabarcoding reveals differences between gastrointestinal nematode species infecting co-grazed sheep and goats

Our current understanding of differences in the epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) species in co-grazed sheep and goats is inadequate with reference to the development of sustainable control strategies. The next-generation metabarcoding sequencing method referred to as the ‘nemabiome’ allows some of these differences to be explored to describe the intensity of co-infecting GIN species. We applied this platform to study sheep and goats that were co-grazed on Guinea grass pasture in northeastern Brazil. Co-grazed goats and sheep were treated with a monepantel anthelmintic, then exposed to the same gastrointestinal nematode species. Overall, there were differences in the prevalence of GIN species identified in the sheep and goats; Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Teladorsagia circumcincta predominated in goat kids, while Haemonchus contortus predominated in adult does, ewes and lambs once burdens became re-established after anthelmintic treatment. Description of the pattern of re-infection following anthelmintic treatment was prevented by the unpredicted poor efficacy of 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, respectively, of monepantel against O. columbianum and T. circumcincta in lambs, and T. circumcincta adult does. Differences in drug efficacy between host age and species groups may be important when considering sustainable GIN control strategies for co-grazed animals. The aggregated FECs of the adult does and goat kids representing re-established GIN burdens, were higher than those of the co-grazed adult ewes and lambs. This implies that there are inherent differences in GIN species adaptation to the two naïve small ruminant host species, and shows the need for better understanding of the factors giving rise to this situation associated with exposure to infective larvae and host responses. At the start of the study, the adult does were co-infected with several GIN species, with the highest intensity of T. circumcincta, contrasting with the situation in the adult ewes, in which H. contortus predominated. However, once burdens became re-established after treatment, H. contortus predominated in both adult does and ewes. This demonstrates the potential for host burdens of H. contortus to establish and predominate after anthelmintic treatment when burdens of co-infecting GIN species are low