530 research outputs found
Transition Properties of Low Lying States in Atomic Indium
We present here the results of our relativistic many-body calculations of
various properties of the first six low-lying excited states of indium. The
calculations were performed using the relativistic coupled-cluster method in
the framework of the singles, doubles and partial triples approximation. We
obtain a large lifetime ~10s for the [4p^6]5s^2 5p_{3/2} state, which had not
been known earlier. Our precise results could be used to shed light on the
reliability of the lifetime measurements of the excited states of atomic indium
that we have considered in the present work.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure and 3 table
Predicting adverse outcomes following catheter ablation treatment for atrial fibrillation
Objective: To develop prognostic survival models for predicting adverse
outcomes after catheter ablation treatment for non-valvular atrial fibrillation
(AF).
Methods: We used a linked dataset including hospital administrative data,
prescription medicine claims, emergency department presentations, and death
registrations of patients in New South Wales, Australia. The cohort included
patients who received catheter ablation for AF. Traditional and deep survival
models were trained to predict major bleeding events and a composite of heart
failure, stroke, cardiac arrest, and death.
Results: Out of a total of 3285 patients in the cohort, 177 (5.3%)
experienced the composite outcomeheart failure, stroke, cardiac arrest,
deathand 167 (5.1%) experienced major bleeding events after catheter ablation
treatment. Models predicting the composite outcome had high risk discrimination
accuracy, with the best model having a concordance index > 0.79 at the
evaluated time horizons. Models for predicting major bleeding events had poor
risk discrimination performance, with all models having a concordance index <
0.66. The most impactful features for the models predicting higher risk were
comorbidities indicative of poor health, older age, and therapies commonly used
in sicker patients to treat heart failure and AF.
Conclusions: Diagnosis and medication history did not contain sufficient
information for precise risk prediction of experiencing major bleeding events.
The models for predicting the composite outcome have the potential to enable
clinicians to identify and manage high-risk patients following catheter
ablation proactively. Future research is needed to validate the usefulness of
these models in clinical practice.Comment: Under journal revie
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On how personal values and sustainability conceptions impact studentsâ sustainability management orientation: evidence from Germany, Indonesia, and the USA
Purpose
This study develops and empirically tests a framework on how personal values and sustainability conceptions affect studentsâ sustainability management orientation (SMO). An understanding of this connection gives insight into the question whether students are likely to engage in sustainable business practices in their future work.
Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional and comparative research design is employed, using survey data of business students from Germany, Indonesia, and the United States (N=475). The proposed mediation models are tested by bootstrap procedures using Hayesâs (2013) PROCESS macro for SPSS.
Findings
Self-transcendence values translate into more nuanced sustainability conceptions since individuals with self-transcendence values are more likely to conceptualize sustainability beyond their own (narrow) self-interests. In turn, the stronger individualsâ sustainability conceptions, the higher the likelihood that they prefer sustainable management practices in their future professional working field.
Research limitations/implications
Implications arise for researchers to investigate the engagement of future managers with different personal value types in sustainability practices and to gain insights into values and sustainability conceptions as a learning outcome. Limitations of this researchâfor instance, arising from potential common method biasâare discussed.
Practical implications
The findings point to the need to (re-)design appointment processes for management positions in a way that allows taking into account individualsâ personal values and sustainability conceptions. This research may also help firms and higher education institutions to empower their workforce/students to develop more integrated perspectives on sustainability challenges as well as teaching methods that address studentsâ effective learning outcomes, e.g. their values.
Originality/value
The paper offers a new framework and a cross-country perspective on psychological antecedents of individualsâ sustainability management orientation as an important prerequisite for responsible behavior in the business context
Entrepreneursâ age, institutions, and social value creation goals: a multi-country study
This study explores the relationship between an entrepreneur's age and his/her social value creation goals. Building on the lifespan developmental psychology literature and institutional theory, we hypothesize a U-shaped relationship between entrepreneursâ age and their choice to create social value through their ventures, such that younger and older entrepreneurs create more social value with their businesses while middle age entrepreneurs are relatively more economically and less socially oriented with their ventures. We further hypothesize that the quality of a countryâs formal institutions in terms of economic, social, and political freedom steepen the U-shaped relationship between entrepreneursâ age and their choice to pursue social value creation as supportive institutional environments allow entrepreneurs to follow their age-based preferences. We confirm our predictions using multilevel mixed-effects linear regressions on a sample of over 15,000 entrepreneurs (aged between 18 and 64 years) in 45 countries from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data. The findings are robust to several alternative specifications. Based on our findings, we discuss implications for theory and practice, and we propose future research directions
Prosociality in business: a human empowerment framework
This study introduces a human empowerment framework to better understand why some businesses are more socially oriented than others in their policies and activities. Building on Welzelâs theory of emancipation, we argue that human empowermentâcomprised of four components: action resources, emancipative values, social movement activity, and civic entitlementsâenables, motivates, and entitles individuals to pursue social goals for their businesses. Using a sample of over 15,000 entrepreneurs from 43 countries, we report strong empirical evidence for two ecological effects of the framework components on prosociality. We find that human empowerment (1) lifts entrepreneursâ willingness to choose a social orientation for their business, and (2) reinforces the gender effect on prosociality in business activity. We discuss the human empowerment frameworkâs added value in understanding how modernization processes fully leverage the potential of social business activities for societies
Mass Treatment with Azithromycin for Trachoma Control: Participation Clusters in Households
Trachoma, an infectious disease, continues to cause blindness. A great deal of the trachoma burden is concentrated in developing countries. The World Health Organization recommends mass treatment for entire communities in trachoma-endemic regions. In 32 Tanzanian and 48 Gambian communities with trachoma, mass treatment was directly observed following a census. Community coverage was mostly greater than 80%. Larger-than-expected proportions of households where all children were treated and where none of the children were treated were found in each country. Household clustering of treatment was higher in Tanzania compared to The Gambia. However, children who were not treated were not more likely to be infected compared to children who were treated. We found that treatment and non-treatment within communities does not occur at random but rather clusters within households. These findings impact the design of future coverage surveys and suggest that further research evaluate factors that are associated with familial non-compliance
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