An annotated checklist of the birds of the Tanimbar Islands

Wallacea, after years of seeming ornithological neglect, has recently come to the fore (see White & Bruce 1986, Coates & Bishop 1997). Since about 1981 there has been an increasing number of bird watchers and expeditions to the region resulting in the rediscovery of a number of 'feared extinct' and little known species. Most of the islands or island groups have by now received at least a cursory visit during the last 17 years. As a result many species previously known only from collections have been rediscovered, and others thought to be threatened have, thankfully, been shown not to be (see Coates & Bishop 1997). One of, the few exceptions to this coverage is the Tanimbar Islands

A rapid bird survey of the Menyapa mountains, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Volume: 26Start Page: 31End Page: 4

Effects if agricultural intensification on breeding success of Corn Buntings (Miliaria calandra)

1. Corn buntings Miliaria calandra have declined steeply in Britain and north-western Europe since the mid-1970s; changes in farming practice are believed to have been partly responsible. 2. We studied nesting corn buntings on the South Downs in west Sussex between 1995 and 1997 to examine the possible effects of agricultural intensification on breeding success. The abundance of invertebrates around individual nests was sampled by sweep-netting in July. 3. Corn buntings provisioning nestlings foraged in grassy margins more than any other habitat relative to their availability within the maximum foraging range. The other habitats used more than expected were spring-sown barley, unintensified grass and set-aside. Those used less than expected included winter-sown wheat and intensively managed grassland. The invertebrates most commonly fed to chicks were more abundant in foraging areas than elsewhere. Their density was negatively correlated with the number of insecticide applications both when cereal fields only were considered and when all foraging habitats were included. 4. The lower the abundance of chick-food invertebrates close to nests, the greater the distance from the nest at which parents foraged, and the longer such trips were in duration. The weights of nestlings, corrected for age using tarsus length, were positively correlated with the abundance of chick-food invertebrates. 5. The probability of nest survival was negatively correlated with the abundance of chick-food invertebrates close to the nest, apparently as a result of an increased risk of predation. 6. Agricultural intensification in Britain, including the increased use of pesticides, has led to a widespread decrease in the availability of chick-food invertebrates on lowland farmland. If our results are typical of corn buntings in an arable environment, this decrease correlates with reduced breeding success. Depending on the mortality rates for fledged chicks and older birds, this reduction may have contributed to the corn buntings' decline and may hamper recovery. 7. Farming practices that increase invertebrate availability ought to benefit breeding corn buntings. Large-scale measures such as set-aside and the spring-sowing of cereals (especially if undersown with grass) depend heavily on overall agricultural policy. Small-scale initiatives might therefore be more feasible; these include the provision of grassy margins or beetle banks and selective spraying of headlands