20 research outputs found
Coexistence of Merons with Skyrmions in the Centrosymmetric van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe5GeTe2
FeGeTe is a centrosymmetric, layered van der Waals (vdW)
ferromagnet that displays Curie temperatures (270-330 K) that are within
the useful range for spintronic applications. However, little is known about
the interplay between its topological spin textures (e.g., merons, skyrmions)
with technologically relevant transport properties such as the topological Hall
effect (THE), or topological thermal transport. Here, we show via
high-resolution Lorentz transmission electron microscopy that merons and
anti-meron pairs coexist with N\'{e}el skyrmions in FeGeTe over a
wide range of temperatures and probe their effects on thermal and electrical
transport. We detect a THE, even at room , that senses merons at higher s
as well as their coexistence with skyrmions as is lowered indicating an
on-demand thermally driven formation of either type of spin texture.
Remarkably, we also observe an unconventional THE in absence of Lorentz force
and attribute it to the interaction between charge carriers and magnetic
field-induced chiral spin textures. Our results expose FeGeTe as a
promising candidate for the development of applications in skyrmionics/meronics
due to the interplay between distinct but coexisting topological magnetic
textures and unconventional transport of charge/heat carriers.Comment: In press. Four figures in the main text. Includes SI file with 19
additional figure
Complementary and alternative medicine for mental disorders among African Americans, black Caribbeans, and whites.
OBJECTIVES: This study examined racial and ethnic differences in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for the treatment of mental and substance use disorders.
METHODS: Data were from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) and the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R). The analytic sample included 631 African Americans and 245 black Caribbeans from the NSAL and 1,393 non-Hispanic whites from the NCS-R who met criteria for a mood, anxiety, or substance use disorder in the past 12 months. Logistic regression was used to examine racial and ethnic differences in the use of any CAM and in the use of CAM only versus the use of CAM plus services in another treatment sector.
RESULTS: Thirty-four percent of respondents used some form of CAM. Whites were more likely than blacks to use any CAM, although there was no racial or ethnic difference in CAM use only versus CAM use plus traditional services. A higher proportion of blacks than whites used prayer and other spiritual practices. Among those with a mood disorder, black Caribbeans were less likely than African Americans to use any CAM.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study were similar to those of previous studies that examined physical illness in relation to CAM use in terms of its overall prevalence, the predominant use of CAM in conjunction with traditional service providers, and racial and ethnic differences in the use of CAM. The use of prayer was a major factor in differences between blacks and whites in CAM use; however, there were also differences among black Americans that warrant further research.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78173/1/1342.pd
Quantum teleportation between light and matter
Quantum teleportation is an important ingredient in distributed quantum
networks, and can also serve as an elementary operation in quantum computers.
Teleportation was first demonstrated as a transfer of a quantum state of light
onto another light beam; later developments used optical relays and
demonstrated entanglement swapping for continuous variables. The teleportation
of a quantum state between two single material particles (trapped ions) has now
also been achieved. Here we demonstrate teleportation between objects of a
different nature - light and matter, which respectively represent 'flying' and
'stationary' media. A quantum state encoded in a light pulse is teleported onto
a macroscopic object (an atomic ensemble containing 10^12 caesium atoms).
Deterministic teleportation is achieved for sets of coherent states with mean
photon number (n) up to a few hundred. The fidelities are 0.58+-0.02 for n=20
and 0.60+-0.02 for n=5 - higher than any classical state transfer can possibly
achieve. Besides being of fundamental interest, teleportation using a
macroscopic atomic ensemble is relevant for the practical implementation of a
quantum repeater. An important factor for the implementation of quantum
networks is the teleportation distance between transmitter and receiver; this
is 0.5 metres in the present experiment. As our experiment uses propagating
light to achieve the entanglement of light and atoms required for
teleportation, the present approach should be scalable to longer distances.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, incl. supplementary informatio
PET Imaging of human gliomas with ligands for the peripheral benzodiazepine binding site
Human gliomas were imaged in vivo using ligands for the peripheral-type benzodiazepine site (or Ω 3 binding site) and positron emission tomography (PET). Although gliomas have a high density of the peripheral-type benzodiazepine binding site, PET scans with a selective ligand for this site, [ 11 C]Ro5-4864, failed to demonstrate higher radioactivity levels in human gliomas than in brain. In vitro studies of surgically removed specimens of human glioma demonstrated little binding of Ro5-4864 but high levels of binding of another selective ligand, PK 11195. Scans with [ 11 C]PK 11195 demonstrated increased radioactivity in glioma compared to brain in 8 of 10 patients. Radioactivity in tumor and the ratios of radioactivity in tumor to that in remote gray and in white matter correlated significantly with the specific activity of [ 11 C]PK 11195, suggesting that accumulation represents saturable high-affinity binding. We conclude that the PK 11195 manifests greater binding than Ro5-4864 to the peripheral-type benzodiazepine binding site on human gliomas and that human gliomas can be successfully imaged using [ 11 C]PK 11195 and PET.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50332/1/410260611_ftp.pd
Expression, purification and crystallization of human 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein with leukotriene-biosynthesis inhibitors
The expression, purification and crystallization of human 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein in complex with two leukotriene-biosynthesis inhibitors is decribed. The processes that were used to generate diffraction quality crystals are presented in detail