Age specific seroprevalence in participants with and without patent parasitemia seen during the health centre or community surveys.

<p>The horizontal axis shows the age groups and the vertical axis shows seropositive individuals (%) in each age group. Percentage and 95% confidence intervals of seroprevalence are shown by the bars.</p

Background characteristics of the study participants by season and survey.

<p>Background characteristics of the study participants by season and survey.</p

Seroprevalence by season in subjects seen during the health centre or community surveys.

<p>The horizontal axis shows the study areas and the vertical axis show the proportion of sero-positive individuals (%) in each study area. Percentage and 95% confidence intervals of seroprevalence are shown by the bars.</p

Locations of the catchment villages within the six study areas in The Gambia.

<p>Names of health centres and study areas are shown in red and the dots represent the villages in each study area.</p

Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia in The Gambia by age, season and survey.

<p>Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia in The Gambia by age, season and survey.</p

Meta-analysis of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> carriage in healthy children under 5 years of age.

<p>(A) Low income countries. (B) Lower-middle income countries. The point prevalence estimate for each study is represented by a square. The 95% confidence interval (CI) for each study is represented by a horizontal line crossing the square. The size of the square corresponds to the weight of the study in the meta-analysis. All data were obtained before the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.</p

Correlation between age specific parasite prevalence in the community and health centre surveys.

<p>This was in the six study areas during the wet malaria transmission season in The Gambia (agegroups: <12, 12-, 36-, 72-,132-,192-, 312-, 552- months).</p

Relationship between village specifc parasite prevalence in the community and health centre surveys durng the wet malaria transmission season.

<p>Data points are parasite prevalence in each of the twenty villages used in the study. Some of the ‘village’ data that have been obtained from the heatlth facilities were quite small so that the correlation here has more scatter than it would do if the health-centre sampling had got optimal number per village.</p

The age pattern of asexual <i>P. falciparum</i> malaria parasitaemia in febrile and nonfebrile participants.

<p>The horizontal axis shows the age groups and the vertical axis shows prevalence of parasitaemia in each age group. Percentage and 95% confidence intervals of parasite prevalence are shown by the bars.</p

Summary table of studies reporting carriage of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>.

<p>ALRI, acute lower respiratory infection; ARI, acute respiratory infection; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IPD, invasive pneumococcal disease; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; NR, not reported.</p>a<p>Carriage rate is from the control group.</p>b<p>Overall carriage rate. Children, mothers, fathers, and siblings combined.</p>c<p>Age- and population-weighted carriage rate, adjusted for design effect.</p