Fig 6 -

Current (A) and projected (B) generation index mapping of Gryllus bimaculatus farmability according to ILCYM model prediction in the globe.</p

Fig 1 -

Relationship between temperature and developmental rate of Gryllus bimaculatus at the egg stage (A) and nymphal stage (B). The blue points are the observed values with bars representing the standard deviation. Fitted models are the dashed straight lines for linear models and solid lines for the Logan 1 model. Dashed lines in blue above and below represent the upper and lower 95% confidence interval.</p

The mean (±SE) of developmental time of the immature stages and adult longevity in days of <i>Gryllus bimaculatus</i> reared under different temperatures.

The mean (±SE) of developmental time of the immature stages and adult longevity in days of Gryllus bimaculatus reared under different temperatures.</p

S1 Data set -

Gryllus bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) is widely considered an excellent nutrient source for food and feed. Despite its economic importance, there is limited information on the impact of temperature on the bionomics of this cricket to guide its effective and sustainable mass production in its geographical range. The biological parameters of G. bimaculatus were investigated at eight different temperatures ranging from 20–40˚C. The Insect Life-Cycle Modelling (ILCYM) program was used to fit linear and non-linear functions to the data to describe the influence of temperature on life history parameters and its farmability under the current and projected climate for 2050. Our results revealed that G. bimaculatus was able to complete its lifecycle in the temperature range of 20°C to 37°C with a maximum finite rate of population increase (= 1.14) at 35°C. The developmental time of G. bimaculatus decreased with increasing temperature. The least developmental time and mortality were attained at 32°C. The highest wet length and mass of G. bimaculatus occurred at 32°C. The lowest temperature threshold for G. bimaculatus egg and nymph development was approximated using linear regression functions to be at 15.9°C and 16.2°C with a temperature constant of 108.7 and 555.6 degree days. The maximum fecundity (2301.98 eggs per female), net reproductive rate (988.42 daughters/ generation), and intrinsic rate of natural increase (0.134 days) were recorded at 32°C and the shortest doubling of 5.2 days was observed at 35°C. Based on our findings G. bimaculatus can be farmed in countries with temperatures ranging between 20 and 37°C around the globe. These findings will help the cricket farmers understand and project the cricket population dynamics around the world as influenced by temperature, and as such, will contribute to more efficient farming.</div

The mean (days ±SE) of the preoviposition period, oviposition period, postoviposition, and fecundity of <i>Gryllus bimaculatus</i> reared at different temperatures under laboratory conditions.

The mean (days ±SE) of the preoviposition period, oviposition period, postoviposition, and fecundity of Gryllus bimaculatus reared at different temperatures under laboratory conditions.</p

Fig 5 -

The Establishment Index (EI) for Gryllus bimaculatus modelled using CLIMEX in the A present time and CSIRO-Mk3.0 GCM running the SRES A2 scenario for 2050 B. The projections show a decrease in suitability around the equator and an increase in suitability in northern Europe and the Americas in 2050.</p

Fig 2 -

Relationship between temperature and the mortality rate of Gryllus bimaculatus egg (A) and nymph (B). Blue points are observed values. Solid red lines are fitted models, with a polynomial function of degree 4 for the egg, and a polynomial function of degree 12 for the nymph. Dashed lines in blue above and below represent the upper and lower 95% confidence interval.</p

Fig 4 -

(A) Mean (±SE) body length and (B) Mean (±SE) wet weight of Gryllus bimaculatus females and males, respectively, at seven constant temperatures. Different letters indicate a significant difference while the same letters indicate no significant difference using Student-Newman-Keul’s test (P 0.05).</p

Fig 3 -

Relationship between temperature and fecundity fitted to polynomial function 12 model (A); temperature and cumulative oviposition rate fitted to exponential modified 1 model (B); temperature and adult female and male senescence rates fitted to Hilbert and Logan 3 model (C and D respectively) of Gryllus bimaculatus. Blue points are observed values with bars representing the standard deviation. Solid red lines are fitted models, with dashed lines in blue above and below representing the upper and lower 95% confidence interval.</p

Simulated life table parameters of <i>Gryllus bimaculatus</i> at various constant temperatures with the starting number of eggs (n) = 100).

The intrinsic rate of increase (rm); Gross reproductive rate (GRR); Net reproductive rate (Ro); Mean generation time (T); Doubling time (Dt); and Finite rate of increase (λ).</p