Outreach Program to Develop And Implement Local Land Use Regulations to Protect the Remaining Undisturbed Natural Shoreland Buffers in the Towns of Candia and Deerfield, NH

The towns of Candia and Deerfield, New Hampshire, both situated within the Great Bay/Little Bay watershed and the Lamprey River subwatershed have agreed to participate with the Southern New Hampshire Regional Planning Commission (SNHPC) to develop and implement land use regulations to protect the remaining undisturbed natural shoreline buffers along the Lamprey and North Branch Rivers (2nd order or higher streams and tributaries) and other surface waters within these communities

POLICY DEVELOPMENTS IN CANADIAN AGRICULTURE SINCE 1986

Agricultural and Food Policy,

STATE-MANDATED FOOD SAFETY CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR RESTAURANTS: A 2002 REVIEW OF STATES

The Food and Drug Administration publishes a Standard Food Code which individual states either ratify, or amend and ratify, as the State Food Code. New Jersey has not adopted any revisions to the FDA Standard Food Code since 1993. Currently, the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services is considering the implementation of a mandatory food safety certification program for all of the state's foodservice establishments beginning in April 2003. Foodservice businesses serving "high risk" populations, such as the young, ill, or elderly, will be the first segment of the industry required to comply with the new guidelines. Other segments of the industry would be phased in over three years. The exact nature of the revision is yet to be determined; however, it will likely require at least one individual from each foodservice establishment to be certified in proper food safety/food handling techniques. This revision will affect more than 21,000 foodservice businesses that collectively employ 180,000 workers. To proactively respond to the upcoming changes in the State Food Code, the New Jersey Restaurant Association (NJRA) requires information on the status and nature of other state-mandated food safety certification programs. As a service to the foodservice industry, and at the request of the NJRA, the Food Policy Institute at Rutgers University conducted a study to determine the status of state food safety certification requirements across the country. The Institute interviewed all 50 state restaurant associations and found that 16 states presently have some form of state-mandated food safety certification requirement for restaurant workers. Local (municipal or county) food safety certification requirements exist in many states, even in the absence of a state mandate, but these are beyond the scope of this review.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Did the Alaska Supreme Court Get it Right in its Decision in the Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend Case?

In 1976, Alaska voters ratified an amendment to Alaska’s constitution that created the Permanent Fund. The amendment required twenty-five percent of certain revenues received by the state be placed in this Fund. In 1980, the Alaska Legislature created the Permanent Fund dividend program. Beginning in 1982, each Alaska resident received an annual dividend in the same amount. The amount of the dividend was automatically determined by a statutory formula. No appropriation was required. In 2016, the Governor of Alaska vetoed close to one-half of the amount of the annual dividend as calculated by the statutory formula. In subsequent litigation, the Alaska Supreme Court found that a fund utilized by the dividend program was a dedicated fund. And since dedicated funds are prohibited by article IX, section 7 of the Alaska Constitution, the court rejected the claim that the fund was exempt from the prohibition and upheld the governor’s veto. The practical effect of the court’s ruling is that now any income from the Permanent Fund used to pay the yearly dividend to Alaska residents must first be appropriated and, further, is subject to the governor’s veto power. The central question in the case turned on what is the most likely understanding Alaska voters had of the word “provided” in a single phrase in the 1976 amendment: “except as provided in section 15 of this article.” The Alaska Supreme Court found that the plain language meaning of the word “provided” in the phrase quoted above is to “supply” or “furnish.” Based on this finding, the court concluded the only dedicated fund “supplied” or “furnished” by section 15 is the Permanent Fund itself. The court found this to be the probable meaning Alaska voters had of the “except as provided” phrase. This Article raises a number of questions about the fundamental premise that underlies the court’s conclusion. For instance, given the context in which “provided” appears in section 7, reading “provided” to mean “supplied” or “furnished” is neither common nor ordinary. A number of other arguments are also discussed in the Article

Power Concedes Nothing Without a Demand: Student Activism at Memphis State University in the 1960s

This study examines how a group of Memphis State students, black and white, advocated for free speech, civil rights, and an end to the Vietnam War in the 1960s. It addresses how studentscarried out their ideas for reform, and it demonstrates what changes were achieved--or not achieved--at an urban commuter university in the South. Local conditions in Memphis effected how student activism unfolded at MSU. Memphis State activists operated in an intense political and cultural environment in the South. Although faced with challenges inherent to a commuter university and the conservative city surrounding it, activists were determined to alter theirlandscapes. Did MemphisState student activism matter: The desegregation campaigns by student activists at the Normal Tea Room and Second Presbyterian Church resulted in lunch counters and church pews opening to African Americans. The visit bySteve Weissman, a leader of the Berkeley Free Speech Movement, to Memphis State represented a breakthrough of academic freedom in the South. The effort by MSU student groups such as Logos to espouse anti-war views generated a political consciousness oncampus that previously did not exist. Logos transformed the university into acenter for intellectualism and critical thinking. Furthermore, sanitation strike activism resulted in awatershed moment: black and white students engaged in meaningful communication and dialogue for the first time in school history.Coupled with the sanitation strike, the Black Student Sit-in was culturallytransformative. Finally, the presence of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) on campus gave likeminded studentsan outlet to express themselves politically. The scholarship on campus activism tends to focus attention on students from elite institutions such as Cornell, Columbia, Harvard and Berkeley, as well asuniversities that were hotbeds of unrest, such as the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Kent State University. Thisdissertation challenges the traditional narrative and contributes to the emerging scholarship of southern student activism. The work also documents instances where MSU activists faced repression by the FBI and Memphis Police. Relying on informants, law authoritiessubjected civil rights and anti-war acttivists to heavy surveillance. These finds contribute to the ongoing discussion among scholars of the role played by the FBI and police organizations in monitoring the activists