A Prompt Engineering Approach to Creating Automated Commentary for Microsoft Self-Help Documentation Metric Reports using ChatGPT

Microsoft collects an immense amount of data from the users of their product-self-help documentation. Employees use this data to identify these self-help articles\u27 performance trends and measure their impact on business Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Microsoft uses various tools like Power BI and Python to analyze this data. The problem is that their analysis and findings are summarized manually. Therefore, this research will improve upon their current analysis methods by applying the latest prompt engineering practices and the power of ChatGPT\u27s large language models (LLMs). Using VBA code, Microsoft Excel, and the ChatGPT API as an Excel add-in, this research will help Microsoft employees more easily identify trends in self-help article metrics, understand the drivers of these trends, and make business decisions that provide the highest return on investment

Geographic Distribution of Lyme Borreliosis in North America

The research presented in this dissertation was conducted using canine serology as a tool to further the characterization of Lyme endemic regions of North America. In chapter 3, targeted tick testing in southwestern Virginia was implemented to validate canine serology showing an expansion of the Lyme endemic region from the north. All 364 ticks were morphologically and molecularly identified as Ixodes scapularis, and 33% tested positive for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto by PCR. Canine serology was again utilized (Chapter 4) to describe environments where dogs, and thus humans, were most likely to be exposed to B. burgdorferi around the New York City Metropolitan Area. In this study environmental and social variables were organized by county and compared to prevalence of positive canine serologic tests and human case reports. The data showed that human case reports and canine antibody prevalence increased, radiating outward from areas of dense development in a manner that corresponded with higher percent forested areas. When the environmental factors were further probed, a more complete description of the habitat, which represented a higher risk of infection, corresponded more closely to canine serology than human case reports. The third study (Chapter 5) was a serosurvey of common vector-borne disease agents of dogs across Canada, namely Borrelia burgdorferi, Dirofilaria immitis, Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp. Prevalence of antibodies to B. burgdorferi across all samples tested was 2.5% while the other vector-borne agents had a positive prevalence less than 0.5%. The serologic prevalence of antibodies to B. burgdorferi in several provinces, including Nova Scota, New Brunswick, southern Quebec, and eastern Ontario, were similar to those seen in Lyme endemic areas of the US, reaffirming the disease�s endemnicity in these regions of Canada. In summary, canine serology is a useful tool for mapping endemic areas of Lyme borreliosis, documenting the expansion of the endemic range, and describing the environments that support the greatest risk of infection to humans and dogs.Veterinary Biomedical Science

Tick Salivary Gland Extract Induces Alpha-Gal Syndrome In Alpha-Gal Deficient Mice

Introduction: Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is characterized by delayed hypersensitivity to non-primate mammalian meat in people having specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to the oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose. AGS has been linked to tick bites from Amblyomma americanum (Aa) in the U.S. A small animal model of meat allergy is needed to study the mechanism of alpha-gal sensitization, the effector phase leading to delayed allergic responses and potential therapeutics to treat AGS. Methods: Eight- to ten-weeks old mice with a targeted inactivation of alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (AGKO) were injected intradermally with 50 μg of Aa tick salivary gland extract (TSGE) on days 0, 7, 21, 28, 42, and 49. Total IgE and alpha-gal sIgE were quantitated on Day 56 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mice were challenged orally with 400 mg of cooked pork kidney homogenate or pork fat. Reaction severity was assessed by measuring a drop in core body temperature and scoring allergic signs. Results: Compared to control animals, mice treated with TSGE had 190-fold higher total IgE on Day 56 (0.60 ± 0.12 ng/ml vs. 113.2 ± 24.77 ng/ml; p \u3c 0.001). Alpha-gal sIgE was also produced in AGKO mice following TSGE sensitization (undetected vs. 158.4 ± 72.43 pg/ml). Further, sensitized mice displayed moderate clinical allergic signs along with a drop in core body temperature of ≥2°C as an objective measure of a systemic allergic reaction. Interestingly, female mice had higher total IgE responses to TSGE treatment but male mice had larger declines in mean body temperature. Conclusion: TSGE-sensitized AGKO mice generate sIgE to alpha-gal and demonstrate characteristic allergic responses to pork fat and pork kidney. In keeping with the AGS responses documented in humans, mice reacted more rapidly to organ meat than to high fat pork challenge. This mouse model establishes the central role of tick bites in the development of AGS and provides a small animal model to mechanistically study mammalian meat allergy

Feeding on a Bartonella henselae Infected Host Triggers Temporary Changes in the Ctenocephalides felis Microbiome

The effect of Bartonella henselae on the microbiome of its vector, Ctenocephalides felis (the cat flea) is largely unknown, as the majority of C. felis microbiome studies have utilized wild-caught pooled fleas. We surveyed the microbiome of laboratory-origin C. felis fed on B. henselae-infected cats for 24 h or 9 days to identify changes to microbiome diversity and microbe prevalence compared to unfed fleas, and fleas fed on uninfected cats. Utilizing Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) on the Illumina platform, we documented an increase in microbial diversity in C. felis fed on Bartonella-infected cats for 24 h. These changes returned to baseline (unfed fleas or fleas fed on uninfected cats) after 9 days on the host. Increased diversity in the C. felis microbiome when fed on B. henselae-infected cats may be related to the mammalian, flea, or endosymbiont response. Poor B. henselae acquisition was documented with only one of four infected flea pools having B. henselae detected by NGS. We hypothesize this is due to the use of adult fleas, flea genetic variation, or lack of co-feeding with B. henselae-infected fleas. Future studies are necessary to fully characterize the effect of endosymbionts and C. felis diversity on B. henselae acquisition

A Prompt Engineering Approach to Creating Automated Commentary for Microsoft Self-Help Documentation Metric Reports using ChatGPT

Microsoft collects an immense amount of data from the users of their product-self-help documentation. Employees use this data to identify these self-help articles\u27 performance trends and measure their impact on business Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Microsoft uses various tools like Power BI and Python to analyze this data. The problem is that their analysis and findings are summarized manually. Therefore, this research will improve upon their current analysis methods by applying the latest prompt engineering practices and the power of ChatGPT\u27s large language models (LLMs). Using VBA code, Microsoft Excel, and the ChatGPT API as an Excel add-in, this research will help Microsoft employees more easily identify trends in self-help article metrics, understand the drivers of these trends, and make business decisions that provide the highest return on investment

Canine and human infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in the New York City metropolitan area

Background: Autochthonous transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi, the primary agent of Lyme disease in dogs and people in North America, commonly occurs in the northeastern United States, including the New York City metropolitan area, a region with a large human and pet population and broadly diverse demographics and habitats. Methods: We evaluated results from a specific, C6-based serologic assay performed on 234,633 canine samples to compare evidence of past or current infection with B. burgdorferi (sensu stricto) in dogs to county-wide social and environmental factors, as well as to reported cases of Lyme disease in people. Results: The data revealed a wide range of county level percent positive canine test results (1.2-27.3%) and human case reports (0.5-438.7 case reports/100,000 people). Dogs from highly (> 50%) forested areas and counties with lower population density had the highest percent positive test results, at 21.1% and 17.9%, respectively. Canine percent positive tests correlated with population-adjusted human case reports (R-2 = 0.48, P < 0.0001), as well as population density, development intensity, temperature, normalized difference vegetation index, and habitat type. Subsequent multiple regression allowed an accurate prediction of infection risk in dogs (R-2 = 0.90) but was less accurate at predicting human case reports (R-2 = 0.74). Conclusion: In areas where Lyme disease is endemic, canine serology continues to provide insight into risk factors for transmission to both dogs and people although some differences in geographic patterns of canine infection and human disease reports are evident.Krull-Ewing Endowment at Oklahoma State UniversityThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Canine infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, Dirofilaria immitis, Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. in Canada, 2013–2014

Abstract Background Canine test results generated by veterinarians throughout Canada from 2013–2014 were evaluated to assess the geographical distribution of canine infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia spp., and Anaplasma spp. Methods The percent positive test results of 115,636 SNAP® 4Dx® Plus tests from dogs tested were collated by province and municipality to determine the distribution of these vector-borne infections in Canada. Results A total of 2,844/115,636 (2.5%) dogs tested positive for antibody to B. burgdorferi. In contrast, positive test results for D. immitis antigen and antibodies to Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. were low, with less than 0.5% of dogs testing positive for any one of these three agents nationwide. Provincial seroprevalence for antibodies to B. burgdorferi ranged from 0.5% (Saskatchewan)–15.7% (Nova Scotia); the areas of highest percent positive test results were in proximity to regions in the USA considered endemic for Lyme borreliosis, including Nova Scotia (15.7%) and Eastern Ontario (5.1%). These high endemic foci, which had significantly higher percent positive test results than the rest of the nation (P < 0.0001), were surrounded by areas of moderate to low seroprevalence in New Brunswick (3.7%), Quebec (2.8%), and the rest of Ontario (0.9%), as well as northward and westward through Manitoba (2.4%) and Saskatchewan (0.5%). Insufficient results were available from the westernmost provinces, including Alberta and British Columbia, to allow analysis. Conclusion Increased surveillance of these vector-borne disease agents, especially B. burgdorferi, is important as climate, vector range, and habitat continues to change throughout Canada. Using dogs as sentinels for these pathogens can aid in recognition of the public and veterinary health threat that each pose

<i>Kiluluma ceratotherii</i> (Nematoda: Strongylida) in a White Rhinoceros (<i>Ceratotherium simum</i>) from the United States: Case Report

Nematodes of the genus Kiluluma (Strongylidae, Cyathostominae) parasitize African rhinoceros. We describe the case of a one-year-old male white rhinoceros calf that presented with colonic inflammation and hemorrhage at necropsy. The animal had died following a neurological episode. We recovered and identified adult nematodes from the colon using morphology and ITS2 gene sequences as Kiluluma ceratotherii. We also generated nuclear ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and mitochondrial cox1 sequences for future studies and deposited them in GenBank (OR142644–OR142653). Since the animal was born in the same zoo and never transported, infection likely originated within the herd. This is the first report of this nematode from a white rhinoceros in the United States