Main characteristics of continuous variables.

<p>Main characteristics of continuous variables.</p

Effect of coefficient.

<p>Effect of coefficient.</p

Accumulation of Risk for 1 falls, having 2+ falls and Injury from fall according to Age, Gender, Depression and Treatment with Antidepressant Medication

<p>All analyses adjusted for the effect of clustering and controlled for marital status, living arrangements, physical activity, social support grouping, body mass index grouping, arthritis, stroke, multiple medical morbidity, alcohol use, SF-12 physical composite score (PCS), confidence of not falling, anxiety grouping and ever suicide attempt.</p>*<p>any depressive symptoms = questionable and significant categories combined.</p>#<p>older adults taking cyclic antidepressants, MAOIs, MAOI-A or other antidepressants were excluded.</p><p>SSRI denotes Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor</p

Falls and Injury In a Primary Care Sample (N = 21, 900)

<p>Number are reported where there was complete data</p

Characteristics of Older People Sustaining Fall Related Injury in a Primary Care Sample.

*<p>Missing data assumed to indicate that no injurious fall occurred during the past 12 months.</p><p>PHQ = Patient Health Questionnaire</p><p>HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression</p><p>PCS = physical component summary score of the SF-36</p><p>MCS = mental health component summary score of the SF-36</p

The Association Between Risk Factors, 1 Falls, having 2+falls and Injurious Falls in Older Primary Care Patients: Logistic Regression Results (All Factors Forced into the Model^*)

<p>All analyses were adjusted for the effect of clustering. Living arrangement, social support and Body Mass index were forced into the models but were not independently related to outcomes.</p>*<p>Antidepressants were initially entered in the model as one group (any antidepressant) and then one at a time (cyclic Adx = antidepressants, SSRIs, MAOIs -including MAOI-A and other antidepressants). cw = compared with, SSRIs: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. MAOIs: monoamine oxidase inhibitors. MAOI-A: monoamine oxidase inhibitor A. PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire. HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression. PCS = physical composite score of the SF-12.</p

Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment, dementia and mortality: The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study

Background The nature and commonality of late-life risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and mortality remain unclear. Our aim was to investigate potential risk factors, simultaneously in a single cohort including many individuals initially with normal cognition and followed for 6 years. Methods We classified 873 community-dwelling individuals (70–90 years old and without dementia at baseline) from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study as cognitively normal (CN), having MCI or dementia, or deceased 6 years after baseline. Associations with baseline demographic, lifestyle, health, and medical factors were investigated, including apolipoprotein (APOE) genotype, MCI at baseline, and reversion from MCI to CN within 2 years of baseline. Results Eighty-three (9.5%) participants developed dementia and 114 (13%) died within 6 years; nearly 33% had MCI at baseline, of whom 28% reverted to CN within 2 years. A core set of baseline factors was associated with MCI and dementia at 6 years, including older age (per year: odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals = 1.08, 1.01–1.14 for MCI; 1.19, 1.09–1.31 for dementia), MCI at baseline (5.75, 3.49–9.49; 8.23, 3.93–17.22), poorer smelling ability (per extra test point: 0.89, 0.79–1.02; 0.80, 0.68–0.94), slower walking speed (per second: 1.12, 1.00–1.25; 1.21, 1.05–1.39), and being an APOE ε4 carrier (1.84, 1.07–3.14; 3.63, 1.68–7.82). All except APOE genotype were also associated with mortality (age: 1.11, 1.03–1.20; MCI: 3.87, 1.97–7.59; smelling ability: 0.83, 0.70–0.97; walking speed: 1.18, 1.03–1.34). Compared with stable CN participants, individuals reverting from MCI to CN after 2 years were at greater risk of future MCI (3.06, 1.63–5.72). Those who reverted exhibited some different associations between baseline risk factors and 6-year outcomes than individuals with stable MCI. Conclusion A core group of late-life risk factors indicative of physical and mental frailty are associated with each of dementia, MCI, and mortality after 6 years. Tests for slower walking speed and poorer smelling ability may help screen for cognitive decline. Individuals with normal cognition are at greater risk of future cognitive impairment if they have a history of MCI

Reasons for service non-use.

<p>Reasons for service non-use.</p

Sample demographics.

<p>Sample demographics.</p

Univariate logistic regression results–selected demographic and clinical factors associated with formal care use.

<p>Univariate logistic regression results–selected demographic and clinical factors associated with formal care use.</p