Measuring Generalization of Visuomotor Perturbations in Wrist Movements Using Mobile Phones

Recent studies in motor control have shown that visuomotor rotations for reaching have narrow generalization functions: what we learn during movements in one direction only affects subsequent movements into close directions. Here we wanted to measure the generalization functions for wrist movement. To do so we had 7 subjects performing an experiment holding a mobile phone in their dominant hand. The mobile phone's built in acceleration sensor provided a convenient way to measure wrist movements and to run the behavioral protocol. Subjects moved a cursor on the screen by tilting the phone. Movements on the screen toward the training target were rotated and we then measured how learning of the rotation in the training direction affected subsequent movements in other directions. We find that generalization is local and similar to generalization patterns of visuomotor rotation for reaching

Fall Classification by Machine Learning Using Mobile Phones

Fall prevention is a critical component of health care; falls are a common source of injury in the elderly and are associated with significant levels of mortality and morbidity. Automatically detecting falls can allow rapid response to potential emergencies; in addition, knowing the cause or manner of a fall can be beneficial for prevention studies or a more tailored emergency response. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate techniques to not only reliably detect a fall but also to automatically classify the type. We asked 15 subjects to simulate four different types of falls–left and right lateral, forward trips, and backward slips–while wearing mobile phones and previously validated, dedicated accelerometers. Nine subjects also wore the devices for ten days, to provide data for comparison with the simulated falls. We applied five machine learning classifiers to a large time-series feature set to detect falls. Support vector machines and regularized logistic regression were able to identify a fall with 98% accuracy and classify the type of fall with 99% accuracy. This work demonstrates how current machine learning approaches can simplify data collection for prevention in fall-related research as well as improve rapid response to potential injuries due to falls

Developmental roadmap for antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) technologies help to accelerate the initiation of targeted antimicrobial therapy for patients with infections and could potentially extend the lifespan of current narrow-spectrum antimicrobials. Although conceptually new and rapid AST technologies have been described, including new phenotyping methods, digital imaging and genomic approaches, there is no single major, or broadly accepted, technological breakthrough that leads the field of rapid AST platform development. This might be owing to several barriers that prevent the timely development and implementation of novel and rapid AST platforms in health-care settings. In this Consensus Statement, we explore such barriers, which include the utility of new methods, the complex process of validating new technology against reference methods beyond the proof-of-concept phase, the legal and regulatory landscapes, costs, the uptake of new tools, reagent stability, optimization of target product profiles, difficulties conducting clinical trials and issues relating to quality and quality control, and present possible solutions

Revista de educación

Un currículo de ciencias integrado serán adecuado a los actuales cambios sociales y educativos en la medida que haga transparente la racionalidad en la que se basa, refleje la complejidad y multiplicidad de la realidad, explicite el debate de valores en conflicto que subyace a los impactos de la ciencia y la tecnología y, finalmente aúne a los individuos y a la sociedad de recursos y estrategias para abordar racionalmente los problemas que sin duda surgirán del actual, proceso de cambio. De todo ello se deduce que: la cultura científica debe ser un bien tangible en la valoración de las sociedades postindustriales, del mismo modo que lo es el índice de población que lee periódicamente obras literarias, la cultura científica debe tener un ubicación en el sistema educativo, más allá de la mera divulgación de temas científicos, debe concretarse en contenidos específicos que enlacen teoría y práctica con sus impactos en la vida de las personas y de las sociedades; la forma más correcta de presentar estos contenidos es mediante estrategias que posibiliten los distintos niveles de integración en su aprendizaje. Esta integración no debería ser un fin en si mismo, sino ser el modo en que mejor se explicitan los valores, principios y procedimientos de la racionalidad científica. Esta última no es absoluta y debe construir niveles de la enseñanza obligatoria, como elaboración personal de cada estudiantes, el fin último de la racionalidad científica es posibilitar una comprensión fundamentada, crítica y argumentable del mundo y sus problemas.Ministerio Educación CIDEBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

REC : revista de estudios del currículum

El artículo se basa en los datos recogidos durante el trabajo de campo de los autores para la evaluación del currículum de ciencias de la enseñanza secundaria española, centrándose especialmente en las asignaturas del segundo ciclo de la ESO, y el cambio curricular de la disciplina: ciencias de la naturaleza. Se muestra cómo la focalización del cambio en torno a los estudiantes y su diversidad de aprendizaje somete a la disciplina escolar a un proceso de tanteos innovadores en las estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje, que desemboca en un enfoque educativo atento a la vida cotidiana, lo que exige del profesorado una apertura en su concepción tradicional de la ciencia en relación con los cambios tecnológicos y sus impactos en la sociedad.CataluñaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

Revista de educación

El conocimiento de las disciplinas y de los fundamentos de enseñanza/aprendizaje, los valores profesionales y responsabilidades y los recursos sociales son cruciales para que se produzcan cambios en el ámbito de la práctica educativa y deberían reforzarse en nuestro sistema a través de un nivel más alto de comprensión de su influencia, y sus relaciones mediante un diálogo en el que participen tanto profesores, administradores, como aquellos que se dedican a analizar los problemas de la docencia y los sistemas educativos. Es fundamental para que se produzcan las innovaciones apoyar activamente la existencia de flujos de comunicación y participación, delimitando la responsabilidad de los profesores en cada una de las tareas en el cambio planteado por la reforma y en la innovación . es necesario estudiar detalladamente el efecto que la aparición de los libros de texto tendrá de forma más extensa, sobre todo el proceso. Favorecer la comunicación con y entre el profesorado, y reconocer el mérito y el valor de todos los intentos de mejorar la enseñanza puede ayudar al desarrollo de nuevos roles profesionales, aprovechando el cambio que suponen las tendencias innovadoras. Diálogo y comunicación son las bases para la consecución delos fines planteados, aunque cuentan con todo tipo de inconvenientes para ser puestas en práctica en el marco del proyecto internacional, se ha propuesto que este no sea el borrador de un proyecto, sino un viaje donde las innovaciones bien desarrolladas supongan nuevos descubrimientos para aquellos que participan por primera vez.Ministerio Educación CIDEBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

Gas sensing using support vector machines

In this chapter we deal with the use of Support Vector Machines in gas sensing. After a brief introduction to the inner workings of multisensor systems, the potential benefits of SVMs in this type of instruments are discussed. Examples on how SVMs are being evaluated in the gas sensor community are described in detail, including studies in their generalisation ability, their role as a valid variable selection technique and their regression performance. These studies have been carried out measuring different blends of coffee, different types of vapours (CO, O2, acetone, hexanal, etc.) and even discriminating between different types of nerve agents

Recognizing whether sensors are on the same body

Abstract. As personal health sensors become ubiquitous, we also expect them to become interoperable. That is, instead of closed, end-to-end personal health sensing systems, we envision standardized sensors wirelessly communicating their data to a device many people already carry today, the cellphone. In an open personal health sensing system, users will be able to seamlessly pair off-the-shelf sensors with their cellphone and expect the system to just work. However, this ubiquity of sensors creates the potential for users to accidentally wear sensors that are not necessarily paired with their own cellphone. A husband, for example, might mistakenly wear a heart-rate sensor that is actually paired with his wife’s cellphone. As long as the heart-rate sensor is within communication range, the wife’s cellphone will be receiving heart-rate data about her husband, data that is incorrectly entered into her own health record. We provide a method to probabilistically detect this situation. Because accelerometers are relatively cheap and require little power, we imagine that the cellphone and each sensor will have a companion accelerometer embedded with the sensor itself. We extract standard features from these companion accelerometers, and use a pair-wise statistic – coherence, a measurement of how well two signals are related in the frequency domain – to determine how well features correlate for different locations on the body. We then use these feature coherences to train a classifier to recognize whether a pair of sensors – or a sensor and a cellphone – are on the same body. We evaluate our method over a dataset of several individuals walking around with sensors in various positions on their body and experimentally show that our method is capable of achieving an accuracies over 80%.

Electronic nose simulation tool centred on PSpice

Electronic noses consist of an array of non-selective gas sensors with a pattern recognition engine. The sensors and pattern recognition methods depend on the specific application. The design process of electronic noses usually involves time-consuming measurements in a non-standard trial and error process. This paper addresses the problem by using an electronic nose simulation tool centred on PSpice. Using previously developed generic PSpice models for the response of gas sensors, a four-element tin oxide sensor array was simulated. The sensor model parameters were adjusted using calibrated response data from ethanol, methane and their mixtures, detected with real tin oxide sensors. To study the performance of the array, statistical error modelling and PSpice simulations were used in a Monte Carlo analysis coupled with principal component analysis. The results show that this simulation strategy is useful for analysing the effects of sampling errors, the changes in operation temperature, random errors and sensor drift. The importance of these errors is discussed in terms of the array discrimination ability. We conclude that this simulation strategy can help to systematise the design of electronic noses