22 research outputs found

    Believing in the American Dream Sustains Negative Attitudes toward Those in Poverty

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    A critical lever in the fight against poverty is to improve attitudes toward those living in poverty. Attempting to understand the factors that impact these attitudes, we ask: Does believing that meritocracy exists (descriptive meritocracy) sustain negative attitudes? Using cross-sectional (N = 301) and experimental (N = 439) methods, we found that belief in the United States as a meritocracy is associated with blaming people living in poverty and predicts negative attitudes toward them. Replicating and extending these findings, we experimentally manipulated beliefs in meritocracy and blame. Weakening American Dream beliefs predicted improved attitudes toward those in poverty. Understanding the nuanced role of belief systems in attitudes toward those in poverty provides strategies for promoting more positive thoughts and feelings

    Many Body Theory of Charge Transfer in Hyperthermal Atomic Scattering

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    We use the Newns-Anderson Hamiltonian to describe many-body electronic processes that occur when hyperthermal alkali atoms scatter off metallic surfaces. Following Brako and Newns, we expand the electronic many-body wavefunction in the number of particle-hole pairs (we keep terms up to and including a single particle-hole pair). We extend their earlier work by including level crossings, excited neutrals and negative ions. The full set of equations of motion are integrated numerically, without further approximations, to obtain the many-body amplitudes as a function of time. The velocity and work-function dependence of final state quantities such as the distribution of ion charges and excited atomic occupancies are compared with experiment. In particular, experiments that scatter alkali ions off clean Cu(001) surfaces in the energy range 5 to 1600 eV constrain the theory quantitatively. The neutralization probability of Na+^+ ions shows a minimum at intermediate velocity in agreement with the theory. This behavior contrasts with that of K+^+, which shows ... (7 figures, not included. Figure requests: [email protected])Comment: 43 pages, plain TeX, BUP-JBM-

    Elektronen- und ionenspektroskopische Untersuchung inelastischer Prozesse beim Stoss von Alkali- und Edelgasionen auf Alkali-bedeckte W(110)-Oberflaechen

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    Available from TIB Hannover: DW 9645 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

    How Social-Class Background Influences Perceptions of Political Leaders

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    n this research, we contribute to a nascent literature examining how cues to social class can guide voters\u27 political judgments. Drawing upon and merging a voting-cues framework with the stereotype-content model, we test predictions that, relative to those from high-class backgrounds, candidates from lower- and working-class backgrounds will be perceived to be more ideologically liberal, warmer, and will be evaluated more positively. We test these predictions across four experimental studies (NStudy1 = 200; NStudy2 = 537; NStudy3 = 352; NStudy4 = 654) employing a candidate-evaluation paradigm; participants were presented with basic candidate background information, including cues to candidate class and other demographics, and were asked to read an excerpt from a speech before providing their judgments. Findings reveal that candidates from lower- and working-class backgrounds were perceived to be more liberal and warmer than those from high-class backgrounds. Additionally, we found that lower-class candidates were generally evaluated more positively than high-class candidates, and we found some evidence for evaluations across class to be moderated by participants\u27 political ideology. These effects generally held across candidate gender and race. This work has important theoretical and practical implications offering insight into the social-class gap between the electorate and the largely elite elected policymakers

    SPIN AND CHARGE FLUCTUATIONS IN METALS OBSERVED BY LIGHT SCATTERING

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    We review results of Raman and Brillouin scattering in metallic intermediate-valence rare-earth compounds and in heavy-fermion actinide compounds. The charge relaxation rate in valence fluctuating coumpounds is identified experimentally by phonon spectroscopy, whereas spin and electron density fluctuations in heavy fermion compounds are revealed by quasielastic scattering

    Crystalline-electric-field-level scheme of NdB6

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