830 research outputs found
An integrated response to risks of violence against bus drivers:When on-board assaults affect safety on our roads
Electronic Ladders with SO(5) Symmetry: Phase Diagrams and Correlations at half-filling
We construct a family of electronic ladder models with SO(5) symmetry which
have exact ground states in the form of finitely correlated wave functions.
Extensions for these models preserving this symmetry are studied using these
states in a variational approach. Within this approach, the zero temperature
phase diagram of these electronic ladders at half filling is obtained,
reproducing the known results in the weak coupling (band insulator) and strong
coupling regime, first studied by Scalapino, Zhang and Hanke. Finally, the
compact form of the variational wave functions allows to compute various
correlation functions for these systems.Comment: RevTeX+epsf macros, 23 pp. including figure
An application of the natural area concept to East London apartment areas
The world is faced with a population explosion, and cities are becoming ever larger. The world population will grow from its present 3500 million to more than 7 000 million by the year 2 000. The majority of cities are thus faced with the problem of housing vast numbers of people living in single family dwellings forming low density urban sprawl. Conditions are no different in South Africa where the present white population of about four million is expected to grow to between six and seven million by the year 2000. The present housing requirement (1970-75) for Whites, based on low and high population projections, is 32 732 and 40 150 houses respectively. From 1995-2000 the figures will have risen to 42 742 and 65 580 respectively. At that rate sprawl here will reach alarming proportions unless it can be curtailed by higher density housing. As the population trend does not seem likely to be reversed the problem lies in how to provide housing for an escalating population but at the same time to reduce urban sprawl and provide satisfactory living conditions
Low Temperature Properties of Quantum Antiferromagnetic Chains with Alternating Spins S=1 and 1/2
We study the low-temperature properties of S=1 and 1/2 alternating spin
chains with antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor exchange couplings using
analytical techniques as well as a quantum Monte Carlo method. The spin-wave
approach predicts two different low-lying excitations, which are gapped and
gapless, respectively. The structure of low-lying levels is also discussed by
perturbation theory in the strength of the Ising anisotropy. These analytical
findings are compared with the results of quantum Monte Carlo calculations and
it turns out that spin-wave theory well describes the present system. We
conclude that the quantum ferrimagnetic chain exhibits both ferromagnetic and
antiferromagnetic aspects.Comment: 13 pages, RevTeX, six figures, submitted to J. Phys. Cond. Ma
Magnetization Plateau in the Frustrated Spin Ladder
The magnetization process of the S=1/2 antiferromagnetic spin ladder at T=0
is studied by the exact diagonalization of finite clusters and size scaling
analyses. It is found that a magnetization plateau appears at half the
saturation value (m=1/2) in the presence of a sufficiently large
next-nearest-neighbor exchange interaction to yield the frustration, when the
rung coupling is larger than the leg one. The phase diagram at m=1/2 is given
by the analysis based on the conformal invariance. The magnetization curves are
also presented in several cases.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, other comment
Quantum phase transitions in alternating spin-(1/2, 5/2) Heisenberg chains
The ground state spin-wave excitations and thermodynamic properties of two
types of ferrimagnetic chains are investigated: the alternating spin-1/2
spin-5/2 chain and a similar chain with a spin-1/2 pendant attached to the
spin-5/2 site. Results for magnetic susceptibility, magnetization and specific
heat are obtained through the finite-temperature Lanczos method with the aim in
describing available experimental data, as well as comparison with theoretical
results from the semiclassical approximation and the low-temperature
susceptibility expansion derived from Takahashi's modified spin-wave theory. In
particular, we study in detail the temperature vs. magnetic field phase diagram
of the spin-1/2 spin-5/2 chain, in which several low-temperature quantum phases
are identified: the Luttinger Liquid phase, the ferrimagnetic plateau and the
fully polarized one, and the respective quantum critical points and crossover
lines
Specific Heat Study on a Novel Spin-Gapped System : (CH_3)_2NH_2CuCl_3
Specific heat measurements down to 120mK have been performed on a
quasi-one-dimensional spin-gapped system (CH)NHCuCl in
a magnetic field up to 8 T. This compound has a characteristic magnetization
curve which shows a gapless ground state and a plateau at 1/2 of the saturation
value. We have observed a spontaneous antiferromagnetic ordering and a
field-induced one below and above the 1/2 plateau field range, respectively.
The field versus temperature phase diagram is quite unusual and completely
different from those of the other quantum spin systems investigated so far. In
the plateau field range, a double-structure in the specific heat is observed,
reflecting the coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic excitations.
These behaviors are discussed on the basis of a recently proposed novel quantum
spin chain model consisting of weakly coupled ferromagnetic and
antiferromagnetic dimers.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp
Elementary excitations in the gapped phase of a frustrated S=1/2 spin ladder: from spinons to the Haldane triplet
We use the variational matrix-product ansatz to study elementary excitations
in the S=1/2 ladder with additional diagonal coupling, equivalent to a single
S=1/2 chain with alternating exchange and next-nearest neighbor interaction. In
absence of alternation the elementary excitation consists of two free S=1/2
particles ("spinons") which are solitons in the dimer order. When the
nearest-neighbor exchange alternates, the "spinons" are confined into one S=1
excitation being a soliton in the generalized string order. Variational results
are found to be in a qualitative agreement with the exact diagonalization data
for 24 spins. We argue that such an approach gives a reasonably good
description in a wide range of the model parameters.Comment: RevTeX, 13 pages, 11 embedded figures, uses psfig and multico
Magnetic Properties of a Quantum Ferrimagnet: NiCu(pba)(D_2O)_3 . 2D_2O
We report the results of magnetic measurements on a powder sample of
NiCu(pba)(D_2O)_3 \cdot 2D_2OS\chi\chi TT\chi TJ/k_B=121
K^{2+}^{2+}g_{Ni}g_{Cu}\chi T$ at low temperatures
is reproduced fairly well by the calculation for the same ferrimagnetic model.Comment: 7pages, 4 postscript figures, usues REVTEX. appear in J. Phys. Soc.
Jpn vol 67 No.7 (1998
Spin-dependent resonant tunneling through semimetallic ErAs quantum wells
Resonant tunneling through semimetallic ErAs quantum wells embedded in GaAs
structures with AlAs barriers was recently found to exhibit an intriguing
behavior in magnetic fields which is explained in terms of tunneling selection
rules and the spin-polarized band structure including spin-orbit coupling.Comment: 4 pages, figures supplied as self-unpacking figures.uu, uses
epsfig.sty to incorporate figures in preprin
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