Skeletopic analysis of the gonadal veins in human foetuses

During ontogenesis an imbalance is observable in the development of the skeletal and vascular systems. By means of anatomical and radiological methods the gonadal veins were studied in relation to the vertebral column in 60 human foetuses of both sexes aged from 4 to 6 months of prenatal life. In male foetuses aged 4–5 months the origin of the gonadal veins projected onto the sacral apex (r1 = 0.95, r3 = 0.85), and in 6th month they extended below the vertebral column (r1’ = 0.80, r3’ = 0.90). In female foetuses the origin of the gonadal veins in the 4th month projected symmetrically onto S1 (r5 = 0.70, r7 = 0.70). In the 5th month of intrauterine life the origin of the left ovarian vein was found at S2 (r7’ = 0.80) and the origin of the right one at S1–S2 (r5’ = 0.80). In the 6th month the origin of the left ovarian vein was located at S3 (r7’ = 0.80) and the right one at S2–S3 (r5’’ = 0.90). The skeletopic analysis of the origin of the gonadal veins demonstrated gender (the origin was higher in females) and syntopic (the origin was higher on the right side) differences (p ≤ 0.05). In foetuses of both sexes aged 4 months of prenatal life the termination of the left gonadal veins projected onto Th12–L1 (r4 = 0.85, r8 = 0.80) and in foetuses aged 5–6 months it projected onto L1–L2 (r4’ = 0.90, r8’ = 0.95). In both sexes the termination of the gonadal veins on the right side projected constantly onto L2 (r2 = 0.90, r6 = 0.95) from the 4th to the 6th month of intrauterine life. The skeletopic analysis of the termination of the gonadal veins showed syntopic dimorphism (p ≤ 0.05) without gender differences (p > 0.05). On the right side the termination of the gonadal (testicular and ovarian) veins projected constantly onto L2. On the left side the termination of the left gonadal (testicular and ovarian) veins apparently descended by one vertebra (pseudodescensus)

Simulations of mid infrared emission of InAsN semiconductors

This paper delivers an approximation to the complex many body problem of luminescence in semiconductors to the case of mid infrared luminescence of dilute nitrides. The results are compared with recent experimental data for InAsN semiconductors

Enhanced third-order nonlinearity in semiconductors giving rise to 1 THz radiation

Third harmonic generation (THG) efficiency is shown to be a greatly enhanced at the onset of inelastic scattering of electrons on optic phonons. Scaling experiments are performed on n-type InP at the pump wave frequency of 9.43 GHz at 80 K. Monte Carlo modeling is employed for scaling the effect to the 3(rd) harmonic frequency of 1 THz. The THG efficiency in n-type GaAs and InP as well as in the wurtzite phase of n-type InN and GaN compound crystals is compared to that in n-type Si. The efficiency maximum is found to weaken due to the quasi-elastic scattering on acoustic phonons and elastic scattering on ionized impurities. Nevertheless, the THG efficiency at 1 THz in InP crystals cooled down to liquid nitrogen temperatures is predicted to be 2 orders of magnitude higher than the reference value of 0.1% experimentally recorded up to now in n-type Si

Third-Order Susceptibility of Silicon Crystals Measured with Millimeter-Wave Gyrotron

We investigate experimental dependence of the third harmonic generation efficiency in the n-type Si crystals on the geometrical dimensions of the sample, polarization and power of the fundamental wave. The efficiency increases monotonically with the rise of the sample thickness up to a threshold value, and decreases dramatically above the threshold. At shorter propagation distances the generation efficiency could be correctly simulated using the layered medium approximation and the numerically calculated electron drift velocity response to the pumping wave electric field to describe the change of the semiconductor properties under high-power microwave irradiation

When do optic disc edema and peripheral neuropathy constitute poetry?

A patient with chronic, bilateral optic disc edema developed multiple systemic manifestations of POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, skin changes). A serum immunoelectrophoresis showed an abnormal serum IgG lambda protein, and urine immunoelectrophoresis revealed a monoclonal lambda protein plus an IgG lambda fragment. Bone survey and MRI scan revealed a sclerotic lesion of the first lumbar vertebra, and lymph node biopsy showed changes consistent with Castleman\u27s disease. Thus, his optic disc edema was the presenting feature of the POEMS syndrome and osteosclerotic myeloma