Grazing activity of <i>Clibanarius corallinus</i> (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) (Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae) on epilithic algae in Australian coral reefs

Following an incidental observation of captive Clibanarius corallinus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) supposedly removing algae from each other’s shells, we conducted a feeding experiment over 72 hours to understand its potential role as a mesograzer in coral reef ecosystems. Epiphyte-covered, coral rubble fragments of Acropora spp. were exposed to hermit crab (N = 41) activity for 72 h in a flow-through seawater aquarium system at Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia to understand whether hermit crabs could remove epilithic algae and if so, to what extent. Coral fragments exposed to the hermit crabs had 9.1% less chlorophyll at the end of the experiment. The detritus generated in the experi- mental set-up had 2.4 times more chlorophyll and 33.4% less organic biomass than the detritus generated in the control environment. The crabs did on average lose 0.11 g of their initial weight, which could have been a consequence of the experimental set-up. These results suggest that C. corallinus has the potential to contribute to the control of epilithic algae in coral reefs, with such effect having hitherto been overlooked as a result of the cryptic behaviour of this hermit crab species

Projeto Amigos do Rosário - estreitando laços de acolhimento através da educação em saúde

A Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) é a principal modalidade para enfrentar grande parte da demanda de saúde da sociedade. A aproximação entre sociedade e os profissionais da atenção básica (AB) é de enorme potencial, cuja a experiência pode ampliar a visão, cultura e saber de ambas as partes. Esse trabalho objetiva demonstrar a importância das medidas de educação em saúde como forma de acolhimento aos usuários da atenção básica de saúde, tendo como meta o estabelecimento de vínculo com a equipe multiprofissional da unidade. Na observação da realidade da Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família do Rosário, município de Teresópolis, evidenciou-se uma urgente necessidade de reformulação dos padrões de acolhimento. Dessa forma, através de uma análise do comportamento, observou-se que o relacionamento entre a equipe e os usuários baseava-se em uma relação de consumo. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica de artigos que abrangessem as temáticas “educação e saúde”, acolhimento” e “humanização”, e uma experiência prática com formação de grupos e alterações na rotina da unidade. Sendo assim, o objetivo maior da adoção da postura de acolhimento humanizada é agregar os pacientes à equipe profissional, estabelecendo uma relação de confiança e credibilidade que viabilize um convívio continuo. O resultado hora esperado é buscar, através da consolidação de grupos de educação em saúde, o estabelecimento de uma relação que possa permitir avaliar, reformular e progredir com propostas terapêuticas e assistências a longo prazo, atendo-se a essência da política de humanização que busca qualidade ao invés de quantidade

Phylomitogenomics elucidates the evolution of symbiosis in Thoracotremata (Decapoda: Cryptochiridae, Pinnotheridae, Varunidae)

BackgroundThoracotremata belong to the large group of “true” crabs (infraorder Brachyura), and they exhibit a wide range of physiological and morphological adaptations to living in terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats. Moreover, the clade comprises various symbiotic taxa (Aphanodactylidae, Cryptochiridae, Pinnotheridae, some Varunidae) that are specialised in living with invertebrate hosts, but the evolutionary history of these symbiotic crabs is still partially unresolved.MethodsHere we assembled and characterised the complete mitochondrial genomes (hereafter mitogenomes) of three gall crab species (Cryptochiridae): Kroppcarcinus siderastreicola, Opecarcinus hypostegus and Troglocarcinus corallicola. A phylogenetic tree of the Thoracotremata was reconstructed using 13 protein-coding genes and two ribosomal RNA genes retrieved from three new gall crab mitogenomes and a further 72 available thoracotreme mitogenomes. Furthermore, we applied a comparative analysis to characterise mitochondrial gene order arrangement, and performed a selection analysis to test for selective pressure of the protein-coding genes in symbiotic Cryptochiridae, Pinnotheridae, and Varunidae (Asthenognathus inaequipes and Tritodynamia horvathi).ResultsThe results of the phylogenetic reconstruction confirm the monophyly of Cryptochiridae, which clustered separately from the Pinnotheridae. The latter clustered at the base of the tree with robust branch values. The symbiotic varunids A. inaequipes and T. horvathi clustered together in a clade with free-living Varunidae species, highlighting that symbiosis in the Thoracotremata evolved independently on multiple occasions. Different gene orders were detected in symbionts and free-living species when compared with the ancestral brachyuran gene order. Lastly, the selective pressure analysis detected two positively selected sites in the nad6 gene of Cryptochiridae, but the evidence for positive selection in Pinnotheridae and A. inaequipes and T. horvathi was weak. Adaptive evolution of mitochondrial protein-coding genes is perhaps related to the presumably higher energetic demands of a symbiotic lifestyle.<br/

Gestão de processos e comunicação Interna : uma proposta de análise de convergências conceituais

Trabalho de conclusão de curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Comunicação, Departamento de Comunicação Organizacional, 2017.Neste artigo propomos uma análise sobre como características referenciais dos conceitos de Comunicação Interna, defendidas pelos autores Reis (2004), Wels (2005), Kunsch (2003) e Curvello (2012), dialogam com a Gestão de Processos de Negócio, por meio das teorias das Áreas da Cultura a Serem Desenvolvidas para Iniciativas de Gestão de Processos e do Ciclo de Vida Típico de BPM, propostos respectivamente por Rosemann e Vom Brocke (2010) e Business Process Management Commom Body of Knowledge (BPM CBOK, 2013), que traduzido para o português significa “Corpo Comum de Conhecimentos em Gerenciamento de Processos de Negócio”. A partir de pesquisas bibliográficas e análises, elaboramos quadros comparativos com objetivo de identificar os espaços de diálogos entre os dois conceitos, na busca por melhor compreender as suas relações.In this article, we propose an analysis of how referential characteristics of the concepts of Internal Communication, defended by the authors Reis (2004), Wels (2005), Kunsch (2003) and Curvello (2012), dialog with Business Process Management – BPM, through Theories of Culture Areas to be developed for Process Management Initiatives and the BPM Typical Life Cycle, suggested by Rosemann and Vom Brocke (2010) and Business Process Management Commom Body of Knowledge (BPM CBOK, 2013), respectively. Based on bibliographical researches and analyzes, we elaborated comparative tables with the purpose of identifying the dialog spaces between the two concepts, in search of a better understanding of their relations

Conservation of Coral-Associated Fauna

Coral reefs are some of the most biodiverse ecosystems harboring thousands of species, many of them symbionts that play important roles in the survival of their hosts. These associated taxa, mostly invertebrates, remain largely unstudied and the conservation status of the majority of these species is not assessed. With coral reefs under severe global and local threats, effective conservation measures based on a whole ecosystem approach are needed. The IUCN Red List is the most up to date inventory of species’ conservation status, yet does not include symbiont fauna of important host organisms. Here we suggest including associated taxa in future endangerment assessments, especially those living in obligate symbiosis

Genomic survey sequencing and complete mitochondrial genome of the elkhorn coral crab Domecia acanthophora (Desbonne in Desbonne &amp; Schramm, 1867) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Domeciidae)

The elkhorn coral crab Domecia acanthophora inhabits shallow-water coral reefs in the Western Atlantic. The species has a wide distribution and, although primarily associated with endangered Acropora corals, has been recorded from a myriad of hosts. Here we conducted the first genomic survey and complete mitochondrial assemblage and characterisation of any species of Domeciidae, as well as the first species within Trapezioidea. The estimated size of the nuclear genome ranged from 0.64 Gbp to 1.76 Gbp, revealing a small genome. Repetitive elements of the genome were estimated here at 66.4% and 74%, respectively, with the majority of the repetitive elements consisting of LINE, LTR, and satellite DNA. The assembled A-T rich mitochondrial genome consisted of 15,568 bp in length, with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. A 619 bp long non-coding region was identified as the supposed D-loop/control region, containing eight microsatellites. The 22 tRNA genes, ranging from 65 to 71 bp in length, displayed a typical “cloverleaf” secondary structure, with the exception of tRNA-Ser1 which lacked part of the DHU arm and tRNA-Asp displayed a deletion of the TΨC loop but not the arm. Two transposition events of two tRNA genes were also found when comparing the gene order of D. acanthophora to that of the brachyuran basic gene order, which had not been reported before. Despite belonging to a widely distributed, well-known superfamily of coral-associated crabs, the Trapezioidea, very little was known about this species from a genetics perspective, which is remedied here by providing a new genomic resource for D. acanthophora

Topological Properties of Interacting Fermionic Systems

This thesis is a study of three categories of problems in fermionic systems for which topology plays an important role: (i) The properties of zero modes arising in systems of fermions interacting with a bosonic background, with a special focus on Majorana modes arising in the superconductor state. We propose a method for counting Majorana modes and we study a mechanism for controlling their number parity in lattice systems, two questions that are of relevance to the protection of quantum bits. (ii) The study of dispersionless bands in two dimensions as a platform for correlated physics, where it is shown the possibility of stabilizing the fractional quantum Hall effect in a flat band with Chern number. (iii) The extension of the hierarchy of quantum Hall fluids to the case of time-reversal symmetric incompressible ground states describing a phase of strongly interacting topological insulators in two dimensions.Physic

Diversification and distribution of gall crabs (Brachyura: Cryptochiridae: <i>Opecarcinus</i>) associated with Agariciidae corals

Coral reefs are home to the greatest diversity of marine life, and many species on reefs live in symbiotic associations. Studying the historical biogeography of symbiotic species is key to unravelling (potential) coevolutionary processes and explaining species richness patterns. Coral-dwelling gall crabs (Cryptochiridae) live in obligate symbiosis with a scleractinian host, and are ideally suited to study the evolutionary history between heterogeneous taxa involved in a symbiotic relationship. The genus Opecarcinus Kropp and Manning, 1987, like its host coral family Agariciidae, occurs in both Indo-Pacific and Caribbean seas, and is the only cryptochirid genus with a circumtropical distribution. Here, we use mitochondrial and nuclear DNA gene fragments of Opecarcinus specimens sampled from 21 Indo-Pacific localities and one Atlantic (Caribbean) locality. We applied several species delimitation tests to characterise species diversity, inferred a Bayesian molecular-clock time-calibrated phylogeny to estimate divergence times and performed an ancestral area reconstruction. Time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of Opecarcinus is estimated at 15−6 Mya (middle Miocene—late Miocene). The genus harbours ~ 15 undescribed species as well as several potential species complexes. There are indications of strict host-specificity patterns in certain Opecarcinus species in the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic, however, a robust phylogeny reconstruction of Agariciidae corals—needed to test this further—is currently lacking. The Indo-West Pacific was inferred to be the most probable ancestral area, from where the Opecarcinus lineage colonised the Western Atlantic and subsequently speciated into O. hypostegus. Opecarcinus likely invaded from the Indo-West Pacific across the East Pacific Barrier to the Atlantic, before the full closure of the Isthmus of Panama. The subsequent speciation of O. hypostegus, is possibly associated with newly available niches in the Caribbean, in combination with genetic isolation following the closure of the Panama Isthmus