La pensée devenante

Cette recherche a pour but d'expliquer le devenir de la pensée, mais aussi de montrer que sa marche n'est pas terminée et qu'il est crucial d'essayer de comprendre la pensée actuelle. Pour y arriver, nous décrivons d'abord le devenir en général, selon Héraclite et Aristote, puis nous déterminons, à travers Heidegger et Hegel, ce qu'est la pensée sans son mouvement, et finalement, par un fort penchant hégélien, nous explicitons la pensée dans son changement et essayons de dégager ses enjeux actuels, ce sur quoi elle débouche. La pensée d'aujourd'hui s'est séparée de la moralité, chose qu'elle n'avait jamais faite, et nous avons atteint un nouveau commencement, une nouvelle barbarie, ce dont témoignent plusieurs philosophes contemporains comme Thomas De Koninck, Jean-François Mattéi et Michel Henry. Cette nouvelle réalité ne peut être dépassée que d'une seule manière: penser au-delà de l'esprit technique qui nous envahit

Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Silibinin in a Rat Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive liver disease related to the metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes. The rising prevalence of NASH and the lack of efficient treatments have led to the exploration of different therapeutic approaches. Milk thistle (Silibum marianum) is a medicinal plant used for its hepatoprotective properties in chronic liver disease since the 4th century BC. We explored the therapeutic effect of silibinin, the plant's most biologically active extract, in an experimental rat NASH model. A control group was fed a standard liquid diet for 12 weeks. The other groups were fed a high-fat liquid diet for 12 weeks without (NASH) or with simultaneous daily supplement with silibinin–phosphatidylcholine complex (Silibinin 200 mg kg−1) for the last 5 weeks. NASH rats developed all key hallmarks of the pathology. Treatment with silibinin improved liver steatosis and inflammation and decreased NASH-induced lipid peroxidation, plasma insulin and TNF-α. Silibinin also decreased O2∙− release and returned the relative liver weight as well as GSH back to normal. Our results suggest that milk thistle's extract, silibinin, possesses antioxidant, hypoinsulinemic and hepatoprotective properties that act against NASH-induced liver damage. This medicinal herb thus shows promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of NASH

NCX 1000 Alone or in Combination with Vitamin E Reverses Experimental Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in the Rat Similarly to UDCA

We explored the therapeutic effect of NCX 1000, a derivative of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) with nitric oxide (NO) donating properties, alone or in combination with vitamin E, in an experimental model of NASH in the rat. Methods. A control group was fed a standard liquid diet (Control), and the NASH groups were fed a high-fat liquid diet for 12 weeks without (NASH) or with simultaneous daily gavage with either NCX 1000 at 15 or 30 mg/kg (N15 and N30, resp.), or N15 plus vitamin E 100 mg/kg (N15  + VitE) for the last 6 weeks; UDCA 17.2 mg/kg was used as a reference. Results. NASH rats developed all key features of the disease. Treatments with N30 improved liver histology, decreased lipid peroxidation, and completely suppressed increases in LDH release, plasma insulin, and TNF-α. It also decreased O2∙− release and returned liver weight and glutathione back to normal. All effects were similar to the reference treatment, UDCA. The N15 treatment was less efficient than the N30 group, but became comparable to the latter when combined to vitamin E. Conclusion. Our study demonstrates that NCX 1000 has potent cytoprotective, antioxidant, and hypoinsulinemic properties that can be enhanced by combination with vitamin E

Généralisation de l'algorithme Largest Gaps pour le modèle des blocs latents non-paramétrique

National audienceThe latent block model assumes there exists a distribution for each crossing between an object cluster and a variable cluster of a data table ; the cells are supposed to be independent conditionally to the choice of these clusters. To estimate the model parameters, most of algorithms are time consuming. Brault and Channarond (2016) proposed to adapt the Largest Gaps algorithm which consists in using the margins. They thus obtained a procedure which estimates all the model parameters consistently but requires a large number of observations. In this talk, we will extend the procedure to the case of any distribution having a second order moment by using an EM algorithm estimation.Le modèle des blocs latents dénit une loi pour chaque croisement de classe d'objets et de classe de variables d'un tableau de données ; les cases sont supposées indé-pendantes conditionnellement aux blocs formés. Pour estimer les paramètres, la plupart des algorithmes sont très coûteux en temps de calcul. Brault et Channarond (2016) ont proposé d'adapter l'algorithme Largest Gaps, qui utilise uniquement les marginales, au modèle des blocs latents binaire et ont obtenu une procédure estimant tous les para-mètres du modèle de façon consistante mais nécessitant un grand nombre d'observations. Dans cet exposé, nous étendons la procédure au cas de toute loi ayant un moment d'ordre deux en l'associant à une estimation des marginales par l'algorithme EM

In Vivo Anti-Diabetic Activity of the Ethanolic Crude Extract of Sorbus decora C.K.Schneid. (Rosacea): A Medicinal Plant Used by Canadian James Bay Cree Nations to Treat Symptoms Related to Diabetes

A number of potential anti-diabetic plants were identified through an ethnobotanical survey of the traditional pharmacopeia of the Cree of Eeyou Istchee (CEI—Northeastern Canada) used against symptoms of diabetes and their biological activity assessed by in vitro bioassays. Among these, Sorbus decora C.K.Schneid. (Rosacea) ranked highly and increased the transport of glucose in skeletal muscle cells in culture. The present study thus aimed at confirming the antidiabetic potential of S. decora in in vivo models of insulin resistance and diabetes, notably the streptozotocin Type 1 diabetic rat (STZ), the genetic KK-Ay Type 2 diabetic mouse and the rat rendered insulin resistant with 10% glucose water consumption for 6 weeks. Sorbus decora ethanolic crude extract (SDEE) was administered orally (200 mg kg−1) and compared to metformin (150 or 500 mg kg−1). The intragastric (i.g.) gavage of SDEE transiently decreased glycemia in STZ rats in a bi-phasic manner but the effect was cumulative over several days. In KK-Ay mice, SDEE incorporated in food (0.12%) decreased glycemia by 15% within 1 week as compared to vehicle controls. In pre-diabetic insulin-resistant rats, SDEE fed daily by i.g. gavage for 2 weeks significantly decreased the slight hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, without affecting sugar water intake. Using the HOMA insulin resistance parameter, the effect of SDEE was equivalent to that of metformin. In conclusion, the ethanolic crude extract of S. decora demonstrates both anti-hyperglycemic and insulin-sensitizing activity in vivo, thereby confirming anti-diabetic potential and validating CEI traditional medicine

Energy transferred to the substrate surface during reactive magnetron sputtering of aluminum in Ar/O2 atmosphere

International audienceA study of the reactive sputtering of aluminum was carried out by coupling energy flux measurements at the substrate location with conventional diagnostics of the gas phase and analyses of the deposited films. The main purpose was to get some insight into the elementary mechanisms involved at the substrate surface during the film growth in the well known metal and oxide regimes and at the transitions from one to another. Measurements were carried out in front of a 10 cmAl target at a power of 400W (i.e. 5 W/cm2) and a total pressure of 0.6 Pa. The flow rate ratio (O2/O2+Ar) was varied in the range 0 to 50 %. Different kinetics and values of energy transfer, denoting different involved mechanisms, were evidenced at metal-oxide (increasing flow rate) and oxide-metal (decreasing flow rate) transitions. The metal-oxide transition was found to be a progressive process, in agreement with optical emission spectroscopy and deposit analysis, characterized by an increase of the energy flux that could be due to the oxidation of the growing metal film. On the contrary, oxide-metal transition is abrupt, and a high energy released at the beginning that could not be attributed to a chemical reaction. The possible effect of O-ions at this step was discussed

Fuel cell electrodes from organometallic Pt precursors: an easy atmospheric plasma approach

An organometallic powder (platinum (II) acetylacetonate) is decomposed in the post-discharge of an atmospheric RF plasma torch to deposit Pt nanoparticles on carbon black supports. The resulting nanohybrid materials are characterized by FEG-SEM and XPS techniques to highlight their high content in Pt, their oxidation degree, and the dispersion of the Pt nanoparticles on the substrate. ICP-MS and electrochemical characterizations in a single fuel cell (cyclic voltammetry, dynamic polarization curves) are also performed on electrodes realized by treating the powder mixture overlaid on gas diffusion layers. The comparison of the catalytic activity and the Pt loading with commercially available electrodes shows the great potential of this simple innovative, fast, and robust deposition method