Forensic-paternity effectiveness and genetics population analysis of six non-CODIS mini-STR loci (D1S1656, D2S441, D6S1043, D10S1248, D12S391, D22S1045) and SE33 in Mestizo and Amerindian populations from Mexico

<p><b>Background:</b> STRs are powerful tools intensively used in forensic and kinship studies.</p> <p><b>Aim:</b> In order to assess the effectiveness of non-CODIS genetic markers in forensic and paternity tests, the genetic composition of six mini short tandem repeats<i>—</i>mini-STRs<i>—</i>(D1S1656, D2S441, D6S1043, D10S1248, D12S391, D22S1045) and the microsatellite SE33 in Mestizo and Amerindian populations from Mexico were studied.</p> <p><b>Subjects and methods:</b> Using multiplex polymerase chain reactions and capillary electrophoresis, this study genotyped all loci from 870 chromosomes and evaluated the statistical genetic parameters.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> All mini-STRs studied were in agreement with HW and linkage equilibrium<i>;</i> however, an important HW departure for SE33 was found in the Mestizo population (<i>p</i> <i>≤</i> 0.0001). Regarding paternity and forensic statistical parameters, high values of combined power discrimination and mean power of exclusion were found using these seven markers. The principal co<i>-</i>ordinate analysis based on allele frequencies of three mini-STRs showed the complex genetic architecture of the Mestizo population.</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> The results indicate that this set of loci is suitable to genetically identify individuals in the Mexican population, supporting its effectiveness in human identification casework. In addition, these findings add new statistical values and emphasi<i>s</i>e the importance of the use of non-CODIS markers in complex populations in order to avoid erroneous assumptions.</p