Non-Markovian Dynamics of Quantum Discord

We evaluate the quantum discord dynamics of two qubits in independent and common non-Markovian environments. We compare the dynamics of entanglement with that of quantum discord. For independent reservoirs the quantum discord vanishes only at discrete instants whereas the entanglement can disappear during a finite time interval. For a common reservoir, quantum discord and entanglement can behave very differently with sudden birth of the former but not of the latter. Furthermore, in this case the quantum discord dynamics presents sudden changes in the derivative of its time evolution which is evidenced by the presence of kinks in its behavior at discrete instants of time.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

How much time does a measurement take?

We consider the problem of measurement using the Lindblad equation, which allows the introduction of time in the interaction between the measured system and the measurement apparatus. We use analytic results, valid for weak system-environment coupling, obtained for a two-level system in contact with a measurer (Markovian interaction) and a thermal bath (non-Markovian interaction), where the measured observable may or may not commute with the system-environment interaction. Analysing the behavior of the coherence, which tends to a value asymptotically close to zero, we obtain an expression for the time of measurement which depends only on the system-measurer coupling, and which does not depend on whether the observable commutes with the system-bath interaction. The behavior of the coherences in the case of strong system-environment coupling, found numerically, indicates that an increase in this coupling decreases the measurement time, thus allowing our expression to be considered the upper limit for the duration of the process.Comment: REVISED VERSION: 17 pages, 2 figure

Avaliação da dinâmica do nitrogênio do solo em sistema de plantio direto e convencional em função da forma de aplicação da adubação nitrogenada.

O nitrogênio (N) é um dos nutrientes que tem sua dinâmica influenciada sob sistemas conservacionistas, como é o caso do sistema plantio direto. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2x2x3, sendo dois sistemas de manejo do solo (SPD e SC); duas formas de aplicação de N (100% na semeadura; parcelamento de 30% na semeadura e 70% em cobertura) e três profundidades (0-10, 10-20, 20-40 cm). A coleta de solo foi realizada em área da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental em Paragominas-PA e posteriormente submetidas as determinações de N total, NO3- (nitrato) e NH4+ (amônio). O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica de N total, NO3- e NH4+ e N orgânico sob SPD e SC em função de formas de aplicação da adubação nitrogenada em diferentes profundidades. Os maiores teores de N foram verificados na superfície do solo em ambos os sistemas. O SC apresentou maiores os teores de N independentemente da forma avaliada. O N-NO3- apresentou alta mobilidade no perfil do solo no SC.PIBIC-2011

Quantum state tomography and quantum logical operations in a three qubits NMR quadrupolar system

In this work, we present an implementation of quantum logic gates and algorithms in a three effective qubits system, represented by a (I = 7/2) NMR quadrupolar nuclei. To implement these protocols we have used the strong modulating pulses (SMP). The various stages of each implementation were verified by quantum state tomography (QST). It is presented here the results for the computational base states, Toffolli logic gates, and Deutsch-Jozsa and Grover algorithms. Also, we discuss the difficulties and advantages of implementing such protocols using the SMP technique in quadrupolar systems.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figure