Kvaliteta pranja u kućanskom stroju za pranje s ozonatorom

Istraženi su učinci pranja ozonom u usporedbi s klasičnim pranjem na temelju vrednovanja učinka uklanjanja prljavština, spektralnih karakteristika bijelih (pamuk, pamuk/ poliester, PES i PA) i obojenih (pamuk, PES) tkanina i dezinfekcije. Upotrijebljen je kućanski stroj za pranje, isti kućanski stroj s ozonatorom, sredstvo za pranje IEC A, pamučni balast, uzorci standardnih zaprljanih tkanina, bijeljene i obojene tkanine i tekstilni nosači bakterijskih kultura Enterococcus faecium ATCC 6057. Jednokupeljni postupak pranja (pamuk, normalan) sastajao se od glavnog pranja, tri ispiranja i centrifugiranja. Klasično pranje je provedeno na 40 °C dok je postupak pranja ozonom proveden u kupelji između 20 i 40 °C. Izvedba pranja i vrednovanje učinaka je provedena u skladu s normama i preporukama. Rezultati su pokazali da su učinci ozonskog pranja s komercijalnim ozonatorom usporedivi s učincima klasičnog pranja. Dokazano je da pranje ozonom bez sredstva za pranje IEC A na temperaturi 40 °C smanjuje broj mikroorganizama više od 5 logaritama. Za poboljšanje učinaka kućanskog pranja ozonom potrebno je istražiti i razviti konstrukcijska rješenja koja će omogućiti ugradnju ozonatora u kućanski stroj za pranje kao i nove algoritme pranja

Efikasnost mikrovalnog fiksiranja reaktivnog bojila C. I. Reactive Red 24 u digitalnom tisku pamučnih tkanina

Istražena je efikasnost mikrovalnog fiksiranja reaktivnog bojila C. I. Reactive Red 24, tiskanog na pamučnoj tkanini tehnologijom digitalnog tiska. Pamučne tkanine bile su impregnirane otopinom ugušćivača, alkalije, uree i oksidacijskog sredstva. Nakon impregnacije slijedilo je sušenje, tisak reaktivnog bojila digitalnim printerom, fiksiranje, pranje i sapunanje. Rezultati fiksiranja bojila zasićenom parom i vrućim zrakom uspoređeni su s karakteristikama tiska fiksiranih mikrovalovima. Ispitan je utjecaj vremena i snage mikrovalova na promjenu karakteristika impregniranih tekstilnih supstrata. Na temelju rezultata može se zaključiti da su karakteristike mikrovalno fiksiranog tiska usporedive s karakteristikama digitalnog tiska reaktivnim bojilima, koji su bili fiksirani konvencionalnim metodama

Textile Care and Hygiene

Vsebina študijskega gradiva “Nega in higiena tekstilij, Dnevnik laboratorijskih vaje” zajema področje vrednotenja uspešnosti odstranjevanja nečistoč in razkuževalnega učinka procesa pranja in je namenjena kot pomoč študentom pri izvajanju laboratorijskih vaj. Nega in higiena tekstilij je pomemben dela našega življenja, s katero se vsakodnevno ukvarjamo v naših gospodinjstvih in industrijskih pralnicah. Glavna naloga pralnic je vrniti umazane, kontaminirane tekstilije v čisto, sveže in razkuženo stanje brez pretiranih poškodb na tekstilijah, za nadaljnjo uporabo. Pri ocenjevanju učinkov razkuževalnega pranja tekstilij ugotavljamo število in vrsto preživelih mikroorganizmov in gliv pri določenih inkubacijskih pogojih. Z uporabo tekstilnih bioindikatorjev ugotavljamo učinkovitost odstranjevanja nečistoč in razkuževalni učinek procesa čiščenja in pranja.Laboratory work instructions "Textile Care and Hygiene, Laboratory Instructions" covers the area of evaluating the effectiveness of the removal of impurities and the disinfectant effect of the washing process and is intended to help students throughout the laboratory work. Textile care and hygiene is an important part of our lives that we deal with on a daily basis in our households and industrial laundries. The main task of laundries is to return dirty, contaminated textiles to a clean, fresh and disinfected state without excessive damage to textiles, for further use. When evaluating the effects of disinfection in textile washing process, we determine the number and type of surviving microorganisms and fungi under certain incubation conditions. Using textile bioindicators, we determine the efficiency of removing impurities and the disinfecting effect of the cleaning and washing process

Environmental impacts of various disinfection procedures during laundering

Od postopkov nege tekstilij za zdravstvene ustanove in živilsko industrijo se zahteva razen odstranjevanja nečistoč tudi zagotavljanje ustrezne stopnje higiene. Ob klasičnem kombiniranem kemijsko-termičnem postopku razkuževanja se čedalje bolj uveljavlja tudi postopek nege tekstilij, ki ima osnovo v tehnologiji tekočega $CO_2$ ($LCO_2$). V dosedanjih raziskavah postopkov nege je bilo v središču zanimanja predvsem vrednotenje razkuževalnih učinkov, medtem ko so bili vplivi na okolje nekoliko potisnjeni v ozadje. Raziskava je bila osredotočena na primerjavo okoljskih vplivov, ki jih povzročata kemijsko-termičen in $CO_2$ postopek nege medicinskih tekstilij. Za vrednotenje razkuževalnega učinka so bili uporabljeni bioindikatorji, klasična in prototipna $LCO_2$ oprema za nego tekstilij, pralna, razkuževalna in pomožna sredstva ter oprema in metode za preskušanje. Opravljene so bile ekološke analize odpadnih pralnih vod kemijsko-termičnega razkuževalnega procesa v skladu z Uredbo o emisiji snovi pri odvajanju odpadne vode iz naprav za pranje in kemično čiščenje tekstilij (UL RS 41/2007). Izdelane so bile energetske in okoljske bilance za oba negovalna postopka, pri čemer je bila upoštevana metodologija ocene življenjskega cikla izdelka/storitve LCA, popisa stanja LCI ter ocena vplivov na okolje v času življenjskega cikla LCIA. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da je porabljena energija za 1 kg opranih tekstilij pri enokopelnem postopku $LCO_2$ za 2800 kJ manjša kot pri kemijsko-termičnem. Ugotovljeno je bilo tudi, da klasičen kemijsko-termični postopek daje štirikrat višji indeks globalnega segrevanja (GWP$_{100}$) in indeks zakisljevanja (AP), torej sprošča tudi štirikrat več emisij toplogrednih plinov in plinov zakisljevanja kot enokopelni $LCO_2$ razkuževalni postopek nege tekstilij.The laundering procedures for health institutions and the food-processing industry must ensure the elimination of impurities and appropriate levels of hygiene. In addition to the classical combination of chemo-thermal disinfection procedures, the laundering procedure based on the liquid carbon dioxide ($LCO_2$) technology is becoming more and more assertive. In the previous studies on laundry care processes, the evaluations of disinfection effects have become prominent, while sadly the environmental impacts have remained in the background. The research focused on comparing the environment impacts caused by chemical-thermal and $CO_2$ laundering procedures regarding medical textiles. Bioindicators, classical and prototype $LCO_2$ equipment for the textile laundry, detergents, disinfectants and auxiliary agents, as well as the sampling equipment and sampling methods were used for the evaluation of disinfection effects. This paper introduces performed wastewater ecological analyses using a chemo-thermal procedure in accordance with the Slovenian regulation on the substance emission during the removal of wastewater from laundries and drycleaner\u27s (Slovenian Official Gazette 41/2007). Energy and environmental balances for both laundering procedures were prepared. Life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle inventories (LCI) and life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methodologies were taken into account. The results of our investigation point to the fact that the energy used for 1 kg of textiles during one-bath $LCO_2$ procedure is in comparison with the chemo-thermal procedure lower by 2,800 kJ. It was also discovered that a classical chemo-thermal procedure has four times higher global warming potential (GWP$_{TGP}$) and acidification potential (AP) than the one-bath $LCO_2$ laundering procedure, regarding disinfection

Properties of UV-cured pigment prints on textile fabric

This paper studies and evaluates the UV-curing of pigment prints on textile fabric using a prototype UV scanner. A printing paste comprising synthetic thickener, emulgator, binder, pigment dispersion and photoinitiator was applied using a flat screen printing technique onto the cotton fabric, then dried and exposed to heat or UV-radiation under a mercury vapour lamp (200 W cm-2). The characteristics of cured prints such as paste add-on, colour properties, colour fastness to washing and dryžwet rubbing were evaluated, together with fabric stiffness. The effects of UV-curing were evaluated by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The properties of the UV-cured pigment prints were compared with those of the thermal cured prints. Analyses of the obtained results helped to define the optimum composition of the photo reactive pigment paste, and the UV-curing conditions under which satisfactory results were obtained, comparable with those from the thermal curing method

Advance analysis of the obtained recycled materials from used disposable surgical masks

The production of personal protective equipment (PPE) has increased dramatically in recent years, not only because of the pandemic, but also because of stricter legislation in the field of Employee Protection. The increasing use of PPE, including disposable surgical masks (DSMs), is putting additional pressure on waste collectors. For this reason, it is necessary to find high-quality solutions for this type of waste. Mechanical recycling is still the most common type of recycling, but the recyclates are often classified as low-grade materials. For this reason, a detailed analysis of the recyclates is necessary. These data will help us to improve the properties and find the right end application that will increase the value of the materials. This work represents an extended analysis of the recyclates obtained from DSMs, manufactured from different polymers. Using surface and morphology tests, we have gained insights into the distribution of different polymers in polymer blends and their effects on mechanical and surface properties. It was found that the addition of ear loop material to the PP melt makes the material tougher. In the polymer blends obtained, PP and PA 6 form the surface (affects surface properties), while PU and PET are distributed mainly inside the injection-molded samples