Methods to detect and prevent fatigue in ageing aircraft structures

Rad je usmjeren na metode koje mogu otkriti i spriječiti zamor materijala i starenje zrakoplovnih struktura. Cilj rada je analizirati zamor materijala i njegov utjecaj na strukture zrakoplova. Utjecaj i značaj zamora je istaknut u opisima nesreća koje su uzrokovane izravno zamorom materijala zrakoplovnih struktura. Najvažnije i najčešće korištene metode za otkrivanje i sprječavanje zamora materijala u strukturama zrakoplova su metode koncepta beskonačnog životnog vijeka, metode koncepta konačnog životnog vijeka, ne-destruktivne metode ispitivanja, metode hladne ekspanzije, metode testiranja ugrađenom opremom, metode praćenja stanja zrakoplovne strukture i metode otkrivanja korozije koja uzrokuje zamor materijala.The paper is focused on the methods which detect and prevent material fatigue in ageing aircraft structures. The goal is to analyse material fatigue and its impact on aircraft structures. The significance and impact of fatigue is given in description of accidents that were caused directly by material fatigue of the aircraft structures. The most important and most commonly used methods to detect and prevent fatigue in aircraft structures are infinite lifetime concept methods, finite lifetime concept methods, non-destructive testing methods, cold expansion methods, built-in testing equipment, structural health monitoring methods and methods to detect corrosion fatigue

Interdisciplinary Application of Telecommunications in the Modern World

Communications have become irreplaceable part of eveJydayaccivities. Mobile communication is gaining in importancedue to the mobility of terminals and persons. Telecommunications,computer and media indus fly are getting connected andthe chain of values shifts from components to overall solutions.Possibilities offered by information technology are limitless,and its application enables better working conditions since theykeep humans away from dangerous working places and facilitateheavy tasks. The applications in the field of informationand communication technology make it possible to drive fromone end of the continent to another without needing any maps.The computer onboard a vehicle can choose the best directionand adapt to the travelling conditions

Analysis of the Reliability of the "Alternator- Alternator Belt" System

Before starting and also during the exploitation of va1ioussystems, it is vety imp011ant to know how the system and itsparts will behave during operation regarding breakdowns, i.e.failures. It is possible to predict the service behaviour of a systemby determining the functions of reliability, as well as frequencyand intensity of failures.The paper considers the theoretical basics of the functionsof reliability, frequency and intensity of failures for the twomain approaches. One includes 6 equal intetvals and the other13 unequal intetvals for the concrete case taken from practice.The reliability of the "alternator- alternator belt" system installedin the buses, has been analysed, according to the empiricaldata on failures.The empitical data on failures provide empirical functionsof reliability and frequency and intensity of failures, that arepresented in tables and graphically. The first analysis perfO!med by dividing the mean time between failures into 6 equaltime intervals has given the forms of empirical functions of fa ilurefrequency and intensity that approximately cotTespond totypical functions. By dividing the failure phase into 13 unequalintetvals with two failures in each interval, these functions indicateexplicit transitions from early failure inte1val into the randomfailure interval, i.e. into the ageing intetval. Functions thusobtained are more accurate and represent a better solution forthe given case.In order to estimate reliability of these systems with greateraccuracy, a greater number of failures needs to be analysed

Introduction, development and implementation of telematics-supported intelligent transport systems

Significant increase in traffic demand at the end of the 20th century and the increasing anthropogenic environmental pollution have resulted in the need to introduce the telematics-supported intelligent transport systems in all the traffic branches. The work presents the development and the basic characteristics of transport systems managed by information and communication technologies. It also gives an overview and explanation of the operation of some of the numerous telematic systems in traffic, and a detailed presentation of the telematics-controlled public transport of the city of Helsinki. It also presents the possible development and advantages of implementing telematics in the transport along the river Danube through Austria

Integral Transportation Systems in Military Transport Aircraft Supply

Supply of goods, equipment and soldiers by militwy transportaircraft can serve as a support to airborne landing operation,support to encircled forces, and support to forces leadinga gue1rilla war. Transport aircraft are designed in such a wayas to be able to cany containers, pallets, most of land vehiclesand helicopters. Militwy transport aircraft can be grouped intothose that were originally designed for military transp01t andthose that are modified civilian aircraft and helicopters. Supplypallets can be wooden, metal, can be airdropped in "taxiing","low-flight", and can also be fitted with a parachute or"retrorocket" for reducing the ground impact. Pallets canamong other things carry liquids, heavy combat and ca1rier vehicles,artillery and rocket weapons and valious containers.Pallets are usually pe1manently deformed at ground impact.Nowadays, high precision of airdrop has been achieved. Containersare used to carry various equipment, food, fue~ weapons,ammunition etc. It is to be expected that the containers,wmoured combat and other vehicles will be redesigned so asto provide more efficient transport and fast a!Tangement ofhigh-mobility units, whereas the form of the future militarytransport aircraft will not undergo substantial changes. By adjustingand standardising the transporlation vehicles, integraltransportation means and cwgo, the overall combat efficiencywill be increased, the a~rangement time especially shortenedand the air supply safety increased

Analyses of Fractures that have Caused Traffic Accidents

The paper analyses some fractures of vehicle componentswhich have caused traffic accidents. The methods of analysingthe cause of fracture have been described, as well as the maintypes of fractures. The first analysed cause of a fracture is the excessivelyrough machine finish which leaves cracks (stress concentrators),the starting points of crack propagation. The secondcause is unprofessionally per[01med welding which later inservice causes fracture at the weld. The third cause is the toohigh content of carbon in the material of the railway vehiclewheel rim. Dwing braking, the higher content of carbon causedformation of excessively hard (and brittle) martensite in thesurface layer of the rim

Computer Assisted Telephone Applications

Computer resources represent a significant factor in the developmentof a society. Their distribution to users' locationsand direct connections through telecommunication systemssubstantially increase their significance and role.Modem telecommunication systems are integral systemsfor voice and data transmission. This paper studies data transferfrom the technical, technological and organisational aspect.Due to the wide scope of the topic, only some relevant data arementioned that dete1mine the characteristics of certain datatransfer systems

Development of Telematics and its Application in Water Transport

Significant increase in traffic demand at the end of the 2nd century and the increasing anthropogenic environmental pollutionhave resulted in the need to introduce the telematics-supportedintelligent transport systems in all the traffic branches.The work presents the development and the basic characteristicsof transport systems managed by information and communicationtechnologies. Also, the possible development and advantagesof implementing telematics in the traffic along theriver of Danube through Austria, as well as monitoring sea-goingships and containers in intennodal traffic

Call Centre- Computer Telephone Integration

Call centre largely came into being as a result of consumerneeds converging with enabling technology- and by the companiesrecognising the revenue opportunities generated by meetingthose needs thereby increasing customer satisfaction. Regardlessof the specific application or activity of a Call centre, customersatisfaction with the interaction is critical to the revenuegenerated or protected by the Call centre. Physical(v, Call centreset up is a place that includes computer, telephone and supervisorstation. Call centre can be available 24 hours a day - whenthe customer wants to make a purchase, needs information, orsimply wishes to register a complaint

Analysis of the ECO Test Results for Vehicles in the Republic of Croatia

The work presents the classification of engines for theECO test requirement at the technical inspection of vehicles.The types of harmful components in the raw emission of internalcombustion engine are listed and described, as well asthe possibilities of their reduction. In accordance with theclassification of engines for the ECO test requirements the allowedvalues of harmful components according to the legallystipulated standards in Croatia are given. The study includedthe number of vehicles that passed the ECO test at technicalinspection in 2004 and these were then statistically processedand analyzed according to the type of vehicle, classification ofcar engines for the ECO test requirements and the year ofproduction