A Manufacturing Sector's Experience of integrating EPD alongside product, management system and responsible sourcing certification for public procurement

CARES is a Certification body operating in over 40 countries, providing several product certification schemes covering reinforcing steel and associated products for use primarily in construction, most significantly the Steel for the Reinforcement of Concrete (CARES SRC) scheme. This scheme covers the entire supply chain for reinforcing steels, including welding and the application of mechanical couplers, thereby ensuring reinforcement is correctly produced, processed and delivered to site. CARES also developed the Sustainable Constructional Steel (CARES SCS) scheme. Its objective is to provide independent certification of the sustainability performance of steel products. The assessment is based on certified management systems to ISO 9001, 14001 and OHSAS 18001 as well as the identification, collection, auditing and reporting to CARES of performance criteria covering environmental, social, labour, business ethics and local economic impacts. The criteria were developed by a group of industry experts, and cover the supply chain from raw material purchase and the production of the steel through its processing to the delivery of the finished product. The CARES SCS scheme aims to establish a dynamic framework to improve the sustainability performance of products and provide a robust and transparent mechanism for communicating the sustainability performance of steel products to designers, specifiers and clients. The Sustainable Construction Steel scheme also allows CARES to provide annually updated industry KPIs based on audited data from its members and to set sector targets for improvements which are published in CARES Annual Sustainability Reports. A core KPI has been the “cradle to gate” carbon footprint for the production of 1 tonne steel which CARES have produced for each scheme member using a bespoke Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool developed by thinkstep using their GaBi Envision software. Since 2013, the CARES Sustainable Constructional Steel scheme has also provided an integrated approach to providing Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) for steel products using environmental data from members which it has audited, again using a bespoke LCA tool in GaBi Envision developed by thinkstep. The EPD tool has been verified by BRE Global using their EN 15804 verified EPD Scheme, and to date within this EPD Scheme, 19 reinforcing steel bar producers have produced verified EPD, alongside a sector average EPD for reinforcing bar produced using the secondary production route covering 13 CARES members, and a number of EPD for structural steel and flat steel. Additionally, the CARES SCS scheme has provided 19 CARES members with certification for responsible sourcing to BES 6001, BRE Global’s Framework Standard for Responsible Sourcing Scheme for construction products. In 2015, the UK Government highlighted the need, when procuring steel for major projects, to assess the health and sustainability of potential suppliers through the supply chain, including compliance with relevant health and safety and employment legislation, and to take account of appropriate social and environmental impacts. Addressing this need for additional assurance in public procurement, this paper will provide a manufacturing sector’s perspective on the lessons learnt from its integrated approach to the production of EPD alongside product, management system and responsible sourcing certifications

Sustainability and Life Cycle Analysis Data in Construction Materials Certifications - A Case Study from the Steel Industry

Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), Environmental Product Declarations (EPD’s) and other social and environmental data are used by construction material certifications to provide confidence to construction clients and public procurement processes that sustainability impacts are understood and that performance is being managed to reduce negative impacts. This paper explores the drivers behind this certification approach through the context of the CARES Sustainable Constructional Steels certification scheme and its markets. It explores the trends shown by data collection and the challenges and opportunities for improvement and differentiation. The findings suggest that requests for information from clients are getting more sophisticated and detailed, with the scope of criteria expanding to include human rights and social responsibility issues and are increasingly being used in procurement processes. The use of EPD’s to demonstrate environmental performance is becoming more common. They have shown that the difference between supplier efficiency is more important than the transport impacts and distances. Value could be gained by integrated LCA and EPD with wider sustainability information and making it accessible in other formats, such as, building information modelling systems

Conformity assessment model for mechanical coupling devices and anchors for reinforcing steel for use in concrete structure

The use of mechanical coupling devices and anchors for reinforcing steel for use in concrete structures can simplify the design and construction of reinforced concrete and reduce the amount of reinforcement required. Technical Approvals of these products by suitably qualified organisations are acceptable under Building Regulations and by major specifiers as the appropriate way of assessing non-standard or new and innovative products. Specifiers, manufacturers, traders, and customers increasingly demand certainty in the quality management of mechanical coupling devices and anchors entering the supply chain. The supply chain is extremely complex. The weak traceability systems and pressure on the supply chain to reduce cost have created the environment where risks increase. This unique and comprehensive model describes the technical and assessment requirements for the conformity of mechanical coupling devices and anchors. It covers all stages in the supply chain from the production, assembly, product performance and evaluation of mechanical properties including tensile strength, ductility, permanent elongation (slip), cyclic loading performance and fatigue performance. The essential elements of the quality management system combined with additional requirements on process control, product testing and robust installation methodology are essential and agreed by all relevant sectors of industry

Influencia del cambio de la Norma E.030/2006 a la Norma E.030/2018 en la respuesta estructural de un edificio multifamiliar del distrito de Surquillo

RESUMEN El presente trabajo de investigación titulado como “INFLUENCIA DEL CAMBIO DE LA NORMA E.030/2006 A LA NORMA E.030/2018 EN LA RESPUESTA ESTRUCTURAL DE UN EDIFICIO MULTIFAMILIAR DEL DISTRITO DE SURQUILLO” el objetivo central de esta tesis fue determinar cómo influye la actualización de la norma E.030 /2006 a la norma E.030 /2018 en la respuesta estructural de un edificio multifamiliar, ubicado en el distrito de Surquillo. La presente tesis está compuesta de ocho capítulos. En el capítulo I, se realizó la descripción de la realidad problemática de nuestro país , los eventos naturales que dejaron información para la actualización de la normativa de diseño sismorresistente y la necesidad de estar preparados para los futuros eventos sísmicos dado que IGP (2017) afirma que en la región central del borde occidental del Perú se ha identificado que existe una laguna sísmica que está acumulando energía desde el año 1746, de la cual se deduce la formulación del problema, en base a ello planteamos los objetivos y las hipótesis de la investigación, cuyo sustento se verá reflejado en la justificación y en las limitaciones de la investigación. En el capítulo II, se presentan los antecedentes de los trabajos de investigación realizadas que se relacionan y sustentan la presente investigación, luego se desarrollan las bases teóricas que se tomaron en cuenta para el desarrollo del proyecto, y finalmente se realiza la definición de términos básicos. En el capítulo III, se presentan las variables involucradas en la investigación y la operacionalización de las mismas, se presenta la tipología de la investigación y la cual viene a ser una investigación cuantitativa basado en lo señado por Hernández, Fernández y Baptista (2016) la investigación cuantitativa es aquella en la que los fenómenos que se observan o miden sin ser afectados por el investigado, se presenta el diseño de la investigación, así como el material de estudio y las técnicas e instrumentos utilizadas. En el capítulo IV, se presenta el desarrollo de la investigación en la que se consideró una descripción del caso de estudio, se realizó el análisis estático y dinámico de la edificación en base a la normativa en con la que fue diseñada y la nueva normativa vigente, dado que el En MVCS (2018) indica que en la norma de diseño sismorresistente en el capítulo 8 señala que las estructuras diseñadas por sismos deben ser evaluadas, reparadas y reforzadas de tal manera que se corrijan los posibles defectos estructurales que presenten. En el capítulo V, se presentan lo resultado obtenidos en el desarrollo de la investigación, se observan las variaciones en que presentaran las fuerzas cortantes, derivas de entrepiso y las fuerzas de diseño en elementos estructurales. En el capítulo VI, se presentan las conclusiones obtenidas de hacer un estudio a los resultados encontrados, estas conclusiones se presentan en base a cada objetivo de estudio formulados. En el capítulo VII, el base al análisis realizado se presentan las principales recomendaciones desprendidas en el transcurso del desarrollo de la investigación. Como resultado se obtuvo que el análisis con la norma E.030/2018 tiene valores mayores que la norma E.030/2006, en las fuerzas cortantes de entrepiso se obtuvo que estas son mayores en un 85%, en derivas de entrepiso son mayores en un 12% y en fuerzas en elementos estructurales los valores en placa son mayores iguales al 45% en fuerzas axiales, 56% en fuerzas cortantes y 58% en momentos flectores, en columnas mayores iguales a 24% en fuerzas axiales y 51% en momentos flectores y en la viga se tiene incrementos mayores iguales al 9% en fuerzas cortantes y 10% en momentos flectores. Concluyendo que el cambio de la norma influye significativamente en la respuesta estructural de la edificación, incrementando las fuerzas cortantes de entrepiso, en derivas y fuerzas en elementos estructurales. Estos incrementos son desfavorables para la edificación ya que frente un evento sísmico la edificación no estaría preparada estructuralmente y se generarían pérdidas económicas con posibilidad de pérdidas humanas. PALABRAS CLAVE: Normas sismorresistentes, respuesta estructural, laguna sísmica, influencia.ABSTRACT This research work entitled "INFLUENCE OF THE CHANGE OF THE NORM E.030 / 2006 TO THE RULE E.030 / 2018 IN THE STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF A MULTI-FAMILY BUILDING OF THE SURQUILLO DISTRICT" the main objective of this thesis was to determine how it influences the update of the norm E.030 / 2006 to the norm E.030 / 2018 in the structural answer of a multifamily building, located in the district of Surquillo. This thesis is composed of eight chapters. In chapter I, the description of the problematic reality of our country, the natural events that left information for the update of the seismic design regulations and the need to be prepared for future seismic events were made, given that IGP (2017) affirms that in the central region of the western edge of Peru it has been identified that there is a seismic lagoon that is accumulating energy since 1746, from which the formulation of the problem is deduced, based on this we set out the objectives and hypotheses of the investigation , whose sustenance will be reflected in the justification and limitations of the investigation. In chapter II, the background of the research work carried out that relates and sustains the present investigation is presented, then the theoretical bases that were taken into account for the development of the project are developed, and finally the definition of basic terms is made . In chapter III, the variables involved in the research and the operationalization of the same are presented, the typology of the research is presented and which is to be a quantitative investigation based on what was taught by Hernández, Fernández and Baptista (2016). Quantitative research is one in which the phenomena that are observed or measured without being affected by the researched one, the design of the research is presented, as well as the study material and the techniques and instruments used. In chapter IV, the development of the research is presented in which a description of the case study was considered, the static and dynamic analysis of the building was carried out based on the regulations in which it was designed and the new regulations in force , since the In MVCS (2018) indicates that the seismic design standard in Chapter 8 states that the structures designed by earthquakes must be evaluated, repaired and reinforced in order to correct possible structural defects. In chapter V, the results obtained in the development of the research are presented, the variations in which they present the shear forces, drifts of mezzanine and the design forces in structural elements are observed. In chapter VI, the conclusions obtained from a study of the results found are presented, these conclusions are presented based on each study objective formulated. In chapter VII, the basis for the analysis is presented the main recommendations made during the development of the research. As a result, it was obtained that the analysis with the E.030 / 2018 standard has higher values than the E.030 / 2006 norm, in the shear forces of between floors it was obtained that these are greater by 85%, in between floors drifts are greater in 12% and in forces in structural elements the plate values are greater equal to 45% in axial forces, 56% in shear forces and 58% in bending moments, in larger columns equal to 24% in axial forces and 51% in bending moments and in the beam there are greater increases equal to 9% in shear forces and 10% in bending moments. Concluding that the change of the norm significantly influences the structural response of the building, increasing the shear forces of the between floors, in between floors drifts and forces in structural elements are exceeded. KEYWORDS: Seismic norms, structural response, seismic gap, influence

Knowing Islam: The Entangled History of Western Academia and Modern Islamic Thought

This dissertation challenges the implicit scholarly consensus that Islamic education occurs primarily in Muslim madrasas or other religious schools. In contrast, I argue that the Western university has emerged as a significant site for Muslim education and the production of Islamic religious authority over the course of the last century – a development that has far-reaching repercussions for Muslim communities across the globe as well as for the future of Islamic studies as an academic discipline. In order to understand this new manifestation of Islamic education and its consequences, the dissertation traces two generations of Indonesian Muslim scholars who received their higher Islamic education in Western universities and then returned to Indonesia to become prominent Muslim professors, politicians, and activists. Through their intellectual and political endeavors, they sought to make Western academic and Islamic epistemologies commensurable. I argue that these transgressive Indonesian scholars disrupted established modes of authority within both the Indonesian public sphere and Western academia. In Indonesia, the rise of Western-educated Islamic thinkers led to the institutionalization of new interpretations of Islam in the national bureaucracy but also produced hostile resistance from Muslim opponents who derided academic credentials as inauthentic at best and harbingers of neo-colonialism at worst. For Western universities, the increasing presence of Muslim activists challenged but never entirely replaced norms of academic objectivity. Ultimately, this project interrogates the contested and evolving boundary between Western academic vs. Muslim religious knowledge and academic vs. Islamic authority. I conclude that, despite persistent efforts to police the border between the two, academic and religious ways of knowing Islam have become intimately intertwined in the post-colonial world