Substantial bone loss in the mandibular central incisors area as a complication of tongue piercing: a case report

Backgroung Along with the increasing popularity of oral piercings, the number of reported complications and side effects increases, too. Case report The aim of this report is to present a case of substantial bone loss in the area of the mandibular central incisors caused by lingual piercing and persistent bad habits. Dentist should be aware of potential complications associated with oral piercings and warn patients about them

A comparative analysis of the efficacy of moxifloxacin and cefixime in the reduction of postoperative inflammatory sequelae after mandibular third molar surgery

Background/Aim. There is no scientific evidence that the prophylactic use of antibiotics as a part of the mandibular third molar surgery is effective in suppressing postoperative pain, edema, trismus, and dry socket. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of antibiotics from the fluoroquinolone (moxifloxacin) and cephalosporin (cefixime) groups in reducing postoperative inflammatory sequelae (pain, edema, and trismus), as well as in possibly reducing the incidence of dry socket after mandibular third molar surgery. Methods. This double-blind study was completed by 157 subjects, comprising two study groups (who received the aforementioned antibiotics) and a control group, who received placebo tablets. Subjects were assessed on the first, second, and seventh day following surgery. In the postoperative course, patients were monitored for the occurrence, intensity, and duration of postoperative inflammatory sequelae and dry socket. Results. Both antibiotics, especially moxifloxacin, had a pronounced effect on reducing all inflammatory sequelae (pain, edema, and trismus) as the most common postoperative complaints following mandibular third molar surgery, and also contributed to reducing the incidence of dry socket. Conclusion. Antibiotic prophylaxis with cefixime and, especially moxifloxacin, reduced the occurrence of postoperative inflammatory sequelae and alleviated discomfort. It is interesting, that both antibiotics, especially moxifloxacin, also contributed to reducing the incidence of postoperative dry socket, which is not provoked by inflammation. Therefore, further research into the underlying mechanisms behind such an effect is warranted

Biocompatibility of Three Root End Filling Materials

Dental materials should be biocompatible, in order to prevent any adverse effects on the surrounding tissue caused by direct contact. The ideal root end filling material must have certain characteristics, including biocompatibility, satisfying marginal sealing quality, ability to permit or induce repair of alveolar bone, promote periapical healing and antimicrobial activity. In this study, the cytotoxicity of different materials (amalgam, MTA and Biodentine) was evaluated on a permanent fibroblast cell lines (MRC-5 and L929). The cytotoxicity of all three types of materials was investigated using standard biocompatibility tests: DET, MIT and agar diffusion test. MU test showed that after 24 and 48 hours in both cell cultures, Biodentine had the largest percentage of citotoxicity. The lowest percentage of cytotoxicity showed MTA in both groups. After 72 h in both cell lines, the highest percentage of cytotoxicity had amalgam. The lowest percentage of cytotoxicity showed MTA in both groups. Observing the results of Agar diffusion test, there was no any discoloration detected, neither lysis of cells under the disc. Biocompatibility tests showed high level of cell compatibility of all three tested materials

Unmet oral health needs among persons with intellectual disability

The aim of this study was to examine the factors affecting oral health status among intellectually disabled individuals in Serbia. The sample population was categorized according to age, sex, living arrangements, general health and the level of intellectual disability (ID). The diagnosis of dental caries was performed using the DMFT/dmft criteria. The oral hygiene and gingival health were assessed with the plaque index (Silness&Loe) and gingival index (Life&Silness), respectively. Descriptive analysis, step-wise and logistic regression were performed to analyze related influential factors for caries presence, number of extracted teeth, teeth restored, the oral hygiene level and the extent of gingival inflammation. Odds ratios for caries were significantly higher among adult persons with ID, in persons with co-occurring developmental disorders (DDS) and increased with the level of ID. Group with DDS was associated with a 1.6 times greater odds of untreated decay, while the institutionalization was associated with 2.4 times greater odds of untreated decay. Institutionalization and co-occurring disabilities have been found to be significantly associated with a higher probability of developing gingivitis. Targeting oral health services to individuals with ID are encouraged and may help to reduce overall negative effect on oral and general health associated with delayed treatments, chronic dental pain, emergency dental care, tooth loss and advanced periodontal disease

Influence of decreased fibrinolytic activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/5G polymorphism on the risk of venous thrombosis

Objective of our study is to determine whether decreased fibrinolytic activity or plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 4G/5G polymorphism influence the risk of venous thrombosis. Our case-control study included 100 patients with venous thrombosis, and 100 random controls. When patients were compared with random controls, unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Decreased fibrinolytic activity yielded a 2.7-fold increase in risk for venous thrombosis than physiological fibrinolytic activity (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.22-5.98), when comparing patients with random controls. Adjustment for several putative confounders did not change the estimate (OR 3.02; 95% CI 1.26-7.22). Analysis of venous thrombotic risk influenced by PAI-1 genotype, showed no influence of PAI-1 4G/5G gene variant in comparison with 5G/5G genotype (OR 0.57 95% CI; 0.27-1.20). Decreased fibrinolytic activity increased, whereas PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism did not influence venous thrombosis risk in this study

Comparison of efficacy of local hemostatic modalities in anticoagulated patients undergoing tooth extractions

Background/Aim. Patients receiving long-term oral anticoagulant therapy pose a clinical challenge during invasive dental procedures. The goal of this study was to compare different local hemostatic modalities after tooth extraction in patients receiving chronic Vitamin-K antagonist therapy. Methods. Totally 90 patients with International Normalized Ratio (INR) ≤ 3.0 requiring simple extraction of one or two teeth were randomized into three groups, 30 patients in each group. The patients with the mean INR value of 2.35 ± 0.37, in whom extraction wound was sutured comprised the group A. In the group B with the mean INR of 2.43 ± 0.4, local hemostasis was achieved by placing absorbable gelatin sponges into the wound without suturing. The group C consisted of the patients with the mean INR of 2.36 ± 0.34 in whom neither gelatin sponge nor suturing were used for providing local hemostasis. Bleeding was registered as an event if other than initial hemostatic measure was needed or additional oral surgeon intervention required. Results. The obtainded results show that 1 (3.3%) patient in the group A, 2 (6.7%) patients in the groups B and C manifested post-extraction bleeding. All cases of hemorrhage were easily solved with local hemostatic measures and all, except one case, were registered in the first two hours after the procedure until the dismissal. A difference between the groups was not statistically significant (χ2 = .42, p > 0.05). Conclusion. In therapeutically anticoagulated patients tooth extractions can be safely performed without altering the dose of anticoagulant medication if efficient local hemostasis is provided. In most cases, in patients with INR ≤ 3.0 after extraction of one or two teeth postoperative bleeding can be controlled with local pressure, without any additional local hemostatic measures

Biocompatibility of mesoporous SBA-16/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite and dentin demineralized particles on human dental pulp stem cells

In the present work, a biomaterial (SBA-16/HA) based on the growth of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles within an organized silica structure SBA-16 (Santa Barbara Amorphous-16) was developed to evaluate its application to act as a porous microenvironment promoting attachment and viability of human dental pulp stem cells of healthy deciduous teeth (SHED). First, SHED were isolated and their phenotypes were evaluated by flow cytometry. The samples of SBA-16/HA were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectra detector (EDS). Afterward, cells were cultured in the eluates of the above-mentioned biomaterial aged for 24 hr, 7. and 14 days. Bio-Oss (R) and dentin particles are involved for comparison and cells are cultured in the eluates of these two materials also. Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium bromide assay-MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide assay) was used for the determination of cell viability. The results obtained by all aforementioned characterization methods of SBA-16/HA, revealed a uniform spherical mesoporous structure, an intrinsic characteristic of this material. This material displayed excellent biocompatibility on SHEDs, and even proliferative potential, indicating that SBA-16/HA could potentially serve as a suitable substrate for bone regeneration. Contrary to SBA-16/HA, dentin particles showed low cytotoxicity at all time points, compared to control and Bio-Oss (R) groups. Our results substantiate the idea that SBA-16/HA has a beneficial effect on SHEDs, thus paving the way toward developing new material for bone replacement