104 research outputs found
AC Response of Thin Film Superconductors at Various Temperatures and Magnetic Fields
The basic theory of the linear and nonlinear ac susceptibilities of type-II
superconductors is outlined for various geometries, e.g. circular and elliptic
disks, rings, and strips of thin films or of thicker platelets in a
perpendicular magnetic field. It is shown how the linear susceptibility depends
on the linear complex resistivity or on the complex penetration depth, and the
nonlinear susceptibility on the nonlinear dependence of the electric field on
the current density and magnetic induction. The dependence of these
constitutive laws on the temperature and on various material properties like
pinning forces, pinning energies, structural defects, and granularity, leads to
an implicit dependence of the ac susceptibility on these parameters.Comment: Latex file and 3 postscript figures, gives 13 pages text with figures
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Electrodynamics of Superconductors Exposed to High Frequency Fields
The electric losses in a bulk or film superconductor exposed to a parallel
radio-frequency magnetic field may have three origins: In homogeneous
vortex-free superconductors losses proportional to the frequency squared
originate from the oscillating normal-conducting component of the charge
carriers which is always present at temperatures . With increasing field
amplitude the induced supercurrents approach the depairing current at which
superconductivity breaks down. And finally, if magnetic vortices can penetrate
the superconductor they typically cause large losses since they move driven by
the AC supercurrent.Comment: 12 pages, 18 figures, for conference proceeding
Longitudinal magnetic field increases critical current in superconducting strip
The critical state of the vortex lattice in a thin strip is considered for
the case when first a perpendicular magnetic field is applied, then a
longitudinal field, and then again the perpendicular field is increased. This
longitudinal field can strongly enhance the critical currents in the strip
since the vortices are inclined and the currents flow in the strip plane.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, for Low Temperature Conference LT2
Thin Ohmic or superconducting strip with an applied ac electric current
The complex impedance, currents, and electric and magnetic fields are
calculated as functions of resistivity and frequency or London depth for a long
thin strip with applied ac current. Both Ohmic and superconducting strips are
considered. While the inductance per unit length of the strip depends on the
strip length logarithmically, the sheet current, magnetic field, resistance,
and magnetic susceptibility are independent of this length. It is found that
the enhancement of resistance by the skin effect in thin Ohmic strips is much
weaker (logarithmic) than in thick wires.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, for Phys. Rev.
Surface charge of a flat superconducting slab in the Meissner state
The electrostatic potential in the flat superconducting slab is evaluated in
the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau theory extended by Bardeen to low
temperatures. For magnetic fields below B_c1, we discuss the formation of a
surface charge induced by the Bernoulli potential of the suppercurrents.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Vortex induced deformation of the superconductor crystal lattice
Deformation of the superconductor crystal lattice caused by Abrikosov
vortices is formulated as a response of the elastic crystal lattice to
electrostatic forces. It is shown that the lattice compression is linearly
proportional to the electrostatic potential known as the Bernoulli potential.
Eventual consequences of the crystal lattice deformation on the effective
vortex mass are discussed.Comment: 4 pages 5 figure
Thin superconductors and SQUIDs in perpendicular magnetic field
It is shown how the static and dynamic electromagnetic properties can be
calculated for thin flat superconducting films of any shape and size, also
multiply connected as used for SQUIDs, and for any value of the effective
magnetic London penetration depth Lambda. As examples, the distributions of
sheet current and magnetic field are obtained for rectangular and circular
films without and with slits and holes, in response to an applied perpendicular
magnetic field and to magnetic vortices moving in the film. The self energy and
interaction of vortices with each other and with an applied magnetic field
and/or transport current are given. Due to the long ranging magnetic stray
field, these energies depend on the size and shape of the film and on the
vortex position even in large films, in contrast to the situation in large bulk
superconductors. The focussing of magnetic flux into the central hole of square
films without and with a radial slit is compared.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure
Vortex-vortex interaction in thin superconducting films
The properties of vortices in superconducting thin films are revisited. The
interaction between two Pearl vortices in an infinite film is approximated at
all distances by a simple expression. The interaction of a vortex with a
regular lattice of real or image vortices is given. The two spring constants
are calculated that one vortex in the vortex lattice feels when the surrounding
vortices are rigidly pinned or are free. The modification of these London
results by the finite size of real films is obtained. In finite films, the
interaction force between two vortices is not a central force but depends on
both vortex positions, not only on their distance. At the film edges the
interaction energy is zero and the interaction force is peaked. Even far from
the edges the vortex interaction considerably deviates from the Pearl result
and is always smaller than it.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
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