Belastungsprofil zweier Generationen in einem Kraft- Ausdauer- Zirkeltraining

Hintergrund: Zirkeltraining, basierend auf Kräftigungsübungen, ist empfehlenswert und wird zur Verbesserung der aerobe Kapazität, der Muskelkraft und der Ausdauer aber vor allem zur Verbesserung der Körperkomposition eingesetzt. Bis jetzt weiß man wenig über die Wirkung unterschiedlicher Intensitäten auf anthropometrische und physiologische Parameter und den Energieverbrauch. Ziel: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (VO2), die Herzfrequenz (Hf) und den Energieverbrauch (EV) während eines Zirkeltrainings zu analysieren und die Unterschiede eben dieser physiologischen Variablen während des Zirkeltrainings bei 2 unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten (niedrige Intensität versus hohe Intensität) bei älteren (50- 60 Jahre) und jungen Damen (20- 30 Jahre) zu messen. Methode: Die Testgruppe dieser Pilotstudie bestand aus 10 gesunden weiblichen Personen (5 Damen in mittleren Jahren, 5 junge Damen), die zu Beginn eine Fahrradergometrie bis zur Erschöpfung im Labor absolviert haben um die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme und die Herzfrequenz zu bestimmen. Innerhalb der nächsten 2 Wochen fand das standardisierte Zirkeltraining (Easy- Line) an den Kraftgeräten (30 Sekunden/ Station) mit zwei unterschiedlichen Intensitäten, die 12 bzw. 15 Wiederholungen erlaubten, statt. Die Sauerstoffaufnahme wurde Atemzug für Atemzug durch eine tragbare Spiroergometrie gemessen, die Herzfrequenz wurde durchgehend aufgezeichnet und das Blutlaktat wurde vor und nach dem Test gemessen. Die Daten der gemessenen Parameter wurden einerseits zwischen niedriger und hoher Intensität andererseits zwischen den Altersgruppen statistisch verglichen. Das Signifikanzniveau war (p< 0,05). Ergebnis: In der vorliegenden Studie konnten nur bei der maximalen Herzfrequenz (p= 0,008) und der Kohlenhydrataufnahme (p= 0,015) Unterschiede zwischen den Altersgruppen beobachtet werden. Beim Vergleich der Intensitäten fielen signifikante Unterschiede auf. Bei der maximalen Herzfrequenz (p< 0,001), dem Prozentsatz der Hfmax (p< 0,001), der maximalen Sauerstoffaufnahme (p= 0,001), dem Prozentsatz der maximalen Sauerstoffaufnahme (p= 0,001), dem totalen Energieverbrauch (p< 0,001) und dem Kohlenhydratverbrauch (p< 0,001) konnten in der langsamen Runde signifikant niedrigere Werte beobachtet werden, wohingegen der totale Fettverbrauch (p= 0,004) in der langsamen Runde signifikant höher war als in der schnellen. Konklusio: Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, dass beide Formen des Trainings die kardiovaskuläre und muskuläre Ausdauer bei Damen im mittleren und jungen Alter verbessern. Man sollte sich bei dieser Form des Zirkeltrainings bewusst sein, dass bei einer Steigerung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit der Energieverbrauch und die physiologischen Faktoren signifikant ansteigen, der totale Fettverbrauch jedoch bei niedrigen Intensitäten signifikant höher ist.Background: Circuit based workout using resistance exercise devices is currently recommended and widely used to improve aerobic capacity, muscular strength and endurance but specifically to improve body composition. Little is known how different workout intensities during circuit training will influence anthropometric and physiological parameters generally and energy cost specifically. Purpose: The aim of the present study therefore was to analyze the oxygen uptake (VO2), the heart rate (HR) and the energy expenditure (EE) during circuit-based workout exercise sessions and assess differences on these physiological variables when performing the same circuit at two different cadences (low-intensity versus high- intensity) in middle aged (50-60 yrs) and young women (20-30 yrs). Methods: The sample of this pilot study comprised 10 apparently healthy female subjects (5 middle-aged and 5 young) who initially performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer until exhaustion in a laboratory to determine maximal oxygen consumption and heart rate. Within the following 2 weeks they performed a standardized circuit training (Easy-Line) on resistance exercise devices (30 seconds/station) using two different intensities allowing either 12 or 15 repetitions. Oxygen consumption was measured breath- by- breath using a portable gas analyser, heart rate was recorded continuously and blood lactate was measured before and after the workout. Comparisons were made between low and high- intensity workouts as well as between age groups. The level of significance was (p< 0.05). Results: Age-effects in the current sample have been observed for maximum heart rate (p= 0.008) and carbohydrate utilization (p= 0.015) during the circuit training. There was a significant effect of intensity performing this circuit training. Maximal heart rate (p< 0.001), percentage of HRmax (p< 0.001), maximal oxygen consumption (p= 0.001), percentage of maximal oxygen consumption (p= 0.001), total energy expenditure (p< 0.001) and carbohydrate utilization (p< 0.001) were significantly lower performing exercises slowly, whereas total fat utilization (p= 0.004) was significantly higher during slow- intensity exercise. Conclusion: It is concluded that both exercise modes can improve cardiovascular and muscular fitness in middle-aged and young women. However, when prescribing this type of exercise the instructor should be aware that increasing cadence in circuit type of exercise will result in a significant increase in energy cost and physiological demands whereas total fat consumption will be significantly higher at low intensities

Parents’ intention to get vaccinated and to have their child vaccinated against COVID-19: cross-sectional analyses using data from the KUNO-Kids health study

A COVID-19 vaccine can be an important key for mitigating the spread of the pandemic, provided that it is accepted by a sufficient proportion of the population. This study investigated parents’ intention to get vaccinated and to have one’s child vaccinated against COVID-19. In May 2020, 612 parents participating with their child in the KUNO-Kids health study completed an online survey. Multivariable logistic regression models were calculated to analyze predictors of intention to vaccinate. Fifty-eight percent of parents intended to get vaccinated against COVID-19, and 51% intended to have their child vaccinated. Significant predictors for the intention to get vaccinated and for having the child vaccinated included stronger parental confidence in one’s knowledge about prevention measures and lower beliefs that policy measures were exaggerated. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy was considerable in our sample of parents in Germany. However, our study revealed some potentially modifiable factors which should be addressed by a comprehensive and tailored communication and education strategy

Vaginal Delivery Is Associated with Neurochemical Evidence of Increased Neuroaxonal Remodelling in Infants from the KUNO-Kids Health Study: Cross-Sectional Analysis

Aim: Little is known about neonatal brain plasticity or the impact of birth mode on neurointegrity. As a reflection of neuroaxonal damage, the neuronal structural protein neurofilament light chain (NfL) has emerged as a highly specific biomarker. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that vaginal delivery is associated with increased NfL in neonates. Methods: NfL concentrations were measured using single-molecule array immunoassay in umbilical cord serum from healthy term neonates enrolled in the prospective KUNO-Kids Health Study. NfL values were investigated for independent influencing factors using linear and logistic models, followed by post hoc propensity score-matching. Results: Of 665 neonates, n = 470 (70.7%) were delivered vaginally and n = 195 (29.3%) by cesarean section. Median serum NfL was significantly higher after vaginal delivery 14.4 pg/mL (11.6–18.5) compared to primary 7.5 pg/mL (6.1–8.9) and secondary cesarean delivery 9.3 pg/mL (7.5–12.0). Multivariable logistic regression models showed delivery mode and gestational age to be independently associated with NfL. Propensity score-matching analysis confirmed that assisted vaginal delivery generated higher NfL compared to vaginal (non-assisted), while lowest levels were associated with cesarean section. Interpretation: Our data confirm the significant impact of birth mode on neonatal NfL levels. The persistence of these differences and their potential long-term impact have yet to be investigated

Epimerisation of chiral hydroxylactones by short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases accounts for sex pheromone evolution in Nasonia

Males of all species of the parasitic wasp genus Nasonia use (4R,5S)-5-hydroxy-4-decanolide (RS) as component of their sex pheromone while only N. vitripennis (Nv), employs additionally (4R,5R)-5-hydroxy-4-decanolide (RR). Three genes coding for the NAD(+)-dependent short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) NV10127, NV10128, and NV10129 are linked to the ability of Nv to produce RR. Here we show by assaying recombinant enzymes that SDRs from both Nv and N. giraulti (Ng), the latter a species with only RS in the pheromone, epimerise RS into RR and vice versa with (4R)-5-oxo-4-decanolide as an intermediate. Nv-derived SDR orthologues generally had higher epimerisation rates, which were also influenced by NAD(+) availability. Semiquantitative protein analyses of the pheromone glands by tandem mass spectrometry revealed that NV10127 as well as NV10128 and/or NV10129 were more abundant in Nv compared to Ng. We conclude that the interplay of differential expression patterns and SDR epimerisation rates on the ancestral pheromone component RS accounts for the evolution of a novel pheromone phenotype in Nv

IDO1 + Paneth cells promote immune escape of colorectal cancer

Abstract: Tumors have evolved mechanisms to escape anti-tumor immunosurveillance. They limit humoral and cellular immune activities in the stroma and render tumors resistant to immunotherapy. Sensitizing tumor cells to immune attack is an important strategy to revert immunosuppression. However, the underlying mechanisms of immune escape are still poorly understood. Here we discover Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1)+ Paneth cells in the stem cell niche of intestinal crypts and tumors, which promoted immune escape of colorectal cancer (CRC). Ido1 expression in Paneth cells was strictly Stat1 dependent. Loss of IDO1+ Paneth cells in murine intestinal adenomas with tumor cell-specific Stat1 deletion had profound effects on the intratumoral immune cell composition. Patient samples and TCGA expression data suggested corresponding cells in human colorectal tumors. Thus, our data uncovered an immune escape mechanism of CRC and identify IDO1+ Paneth cells as a target for immunotherapy

IDO1 + Paneth cells promote immune escape of colorectal cancer

Abstract: Tumors have evolved mechanisms to escape anti-tumor immunosurveillance. They limit humoral and cellular immune activities in the stroma and render tumors resistant to immunotherapy. Sensitizing tumor cells to immune attack is an important strategy to revert immunosuppression. However, the underlying mechanisms of immune escape are still poorly understood. Here we discover Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1)+ Paneth cells in the stem cell niche of intestinal crypts and tumors, which promoted immune escape of colorectal cancer (CRC). Ido1 expression in Paneth cells was strictly Stat1 dependent. Loss of IDO1+ Paneth cells in murine intestinal adenomas with tumor cell-specific Stat1 deletion had profound effects on the intratumoral immune cell composition. Patient samples and TCGA expression data suggested corresponding cells in human colorectal tumors. Thus, our data uncovered an immune escape mechanism of CRC and identify IDO1+ Paneth cells as a target for immunotherapy

Prevalences of cardiometabolic risk and lifestyle factors in young parents: evidence from a German birth cohort study

Background Studies show that parents significantly impact their children’s health through their cardiometabolic risk profile and health behavior. There is only little information about the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and lifestyle factors among new parents yet. The aims of this study are therefore to evaluate the prevalences of cardiometabolic risk factors in parents of infants in Germany and to examine their lifestyle and health behavior. Methods In the KUNO-Kids health study, an ongoing birth cohort, parents (n = 930 mothers and 769 fathers) were asked about cardiometabolic risk factors (obesity/hypertension/type 2 diabetes mellitus) and lifestyle factors (dietary/sports/smoking habits/alcohol consumption) during the first year after the birth of their children via questionnaires. Chi-square as well as fisher exact tests were conducted to analyse associations between lifestyle factors and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results 34.2% of mothers and 58.5% of fathers were overweight or obese. In 11.8% of the families, at least one parent suffered from hypertension, in 2.4% from type 2 diabetes mellitus. One year after delivery, 8.5% of mothers were smoking, 6.9% showed a risky alcohol consumption (> 10 g/d). 16.0% of fathers were smoking 4 weeks after childbirth, 10.7% showed risky alcohol consumption (> 20 g/d). 21.6% of mothers carried out sports activity for more than 2 h a week then. Parental hypertension was linked to a higher prevalence of risky alcohol consumption, obesity to a lower prevalence of daily fruits consumption. Conclusions Cardiometabolic risk factors were widespread among new parents with obesity and overweight having the highest prevalences. A considerable number of parents also practiced an unhealthy lifestyle showing that there is potential for improvement to promote the healthy development of their children

Implementation of safe infant sleep recommendations during night-time sleep in the first year of life in a German birth cohort

The aim of our study was to assess the extent to which families followed recommendations, issued by the German society for sleep medicine, for the prevention of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) during night-time sleep. Analyzing longitudinal data from a birth cohort located at the University Children’s Hospital Regensburg in Bavaria (Germany), we determined data regarding the infant's sleep location, sleep settings and body position, and exposure to environmental factors. Data were collected in a structured interview after birth and by standardized questionnaires at 4 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year of life, respectively. The majority of 1,400 surveyed infants (94% at 4 weeks) were reported to sleep in the parents’ sleeping room during the first months of life. While the most common furniture was a bedside sleeper (used by 48%), we also observed a considerable proportion of families who regularly practiced bed-sharing and, for 16% of infants, the parents’ bed was the default sleeping place. 12% of infants were still put regularly in the prone position. The vast majority (87%) of the infants were breastfed at some timepoint and 17% lived in a household with one or more smokers. Although most parents implemented many SIDS recommendations, our analysis illustrates a considerable gap between recommendations and intentions after birth on the one hand and actual implementation in real life on the other. The number-one deviation from the current SIDS guidelines during night-time sleep was bed-sharing with an adult

Results of WICOVIR Gargle Pool PCR Testing in German Schools Based on the First 100,000 Tests

Background: Opening schools and keeping children safe from SARS-CoV-2 infections at the same time is urgently needed to protect children from direct and indirect consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this goal, a safe, efficient, and cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 testing system for schools in addition to standard hygiene measures is necessary. Methods: We implemented the screening WICOVIR concept for schools in the southeast of Germany, which is based on gargling at home, pooling of samples in schools, and assessment of SARS-CoV-2 by pool rRT-PCR, performed decentralized in numerous participating laboratories. Depooling was performed if pools were positive, and results were transmitted with software specifically developed for the project within a day. Here, we report the results after the first 13 weeks in the project. Findings: We developed and implemented the proof-of-concept test system within a pilot phase of 7 weeks based on almost 17,000 participants. After 6 weeks in the main phase of the project, we performed >100,000 tests in total, analyzed in 7,896 pools, identifying 19 cases in >100 participating schools. On average, positive children showed an individual CT value of 31 when identified in the pools. Up to 30 samples were pooled (mean 13) in general, based on school classes and attached school staff. All three participating laboratories detected positive samples reliably with their previously established rRT-PCR standard protocols. When self-administered antigen tests were performed concomitantly in positive cases, only one of these eight tests was positive, and when antigen tests performed after positive pool rRT-PCR results were already known were included, 3 out of 11 truly positive tests were also identified by antigen testing. After 3 weeks of repetitive WICOVIR testing twice weekly, the detection rate of positive children in that cohort decreased significantly from 0.042 to 0.012 (p = 0.008). Interpretation: Repeated gargle pool rRT-PCR testing can be implemented quickly in schools. It is an effective, valid, and well-received test system for schools, superior to antigen tests in sensitivity, acceptance, and costs