2,017 research outputs found
A systematic review of the use of Deep Learning in Satellite Imagery for Agriculture
Agricultural research is essential for increasing food production to meet the
requirements of an increasing population in the coming decades. Recently,
satellite technology has been improving rapidly and deep learning has seen much
success in generic computer vision tasks and many application areas which
presents an important opportunity to improve analysis of agricultural land.
Here we present a systematic review of 150 studies to find the current uses of
deep learning on satellite imagery for agricultural research. Although we
identify 5 categories of agricultural monitoring tasks, the majority of the
research interest is in crop segmentation and yield prediction. We found that,
when used, modern deep learning methods consistently outperformed traditional
machine learning across most tasks; the only exception was that Long Short-Term
Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Networks did not consistently outperform Random
Forests (RF) for yield prediction. The reviewed studies have largely adopted
methodologies from generic computer vision, except for one major omission:
benchmark datasets are not utilised to evaluate models across studies, making
it difficult to compare results. Additionally, some studies have specifically
utilised the extra spectral resolution available in satellite imagery, but
other divergent properties of satellite images - such as the hugely different
scales of spatial patterns - are not being taken advantage of in the reviewed
studies.Comment: 25 pages, 2 figures and lots of large tables. Supplementary materials
section included here in main pd
Characterization of chromatin accessibility with a transposome hypersensitive sites sequencing (THS-seq) assay.
Chromatin accessibility captures in vivo protein-chromosome binding status, and is considered an informative proxy for protein-DNA interactions. DNase I and Tn5 transposase assays require thousands to millions of fresh cells for comprehensive chromatin mapping. Applying Tn5 tagmentation to hundreds of cells results in sparse chromatin maps. We present a transposome hypersensitive sites sequencing assay for highly sensitive characterization of chromatin accessibility. Linear amplification of accessible DNA ends with in vitro transcription, coupled with an engineered Tn5 super-mutant, demonstrates improved sensitivity on limited input materials, and accessibility of small regions near distal enhancers, compared with ATAC-seq
Stop N\u27 Go: Save Time, Save Lives
A poster presented by Maddox Alexander, William He, James Rodgers, Sahil Konduru, Paige Omohundro and Brandon Smith for the class Business, Accounting, and Entrepreneurship.https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/gsp_projects_2019/1011/thumbnail.jp
EQUI-VOCAL: Synthesizing Queries for Compositional Video Events from Limited User Interactions [Technical Report]
We introduce EQUI-VOCAL: a new system that automatically synthesizes queries
over videos from limited user interactions. The user only provides a handful of
positive and negative examples of what they are looking for. EQUI-VOCAL
utilizes these initial examples and additional ones collected through active
learning to efficiently synthesize complex user queries. Our approach enables
users to find events without database expertise, with limited labeling effort,
and without declarative specifications or sketches. Core to EQUI-VOCAL's design
is the use of spatio-temporal scene graphs in its data model and query language
and a novel query synthesis approach that works on large and noisy video data.
Our system outperforms two baseline systems -- in terms of F1 score, synthesis
time, and robustness to noise -- and can flexibly synthesize complex queries
that the baselines do not support.Comment: This is an extended technical report for the following paper: "Enhao
Zhang, Maureen Daum, Dong He, Brandon Haynes, Ranjay Krishna, and Magdalena
Balazinska. EQUI-VOCAL: Synthesizing Queries for Compositional Video Events
from Limited User Interactions. PVLDB, 16(11): 2714-2727, 2023.
doi:10.14778/3611479.3611482
Conformational Entropy as a Means to Control the Behavior of Poly(diketoenamine) Vitrimers In and Out of Equilibrium.
Control of equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermomechanical behavior of poly(diketoenamine) vitrimers is shown by incorporating linear polymer segments varying in molecular weight (MW) and conformational degrees of freedom into the dynamic covalent network. While increasing MW of linear segments yields a lower storage modulus at the rubbery plateau after softening above the glass transition (Tg ), both Tg and the characteristic time of stress relaxation are independently governed by the conformational entropy of the embodied linear segments. Activation energies for bond exchange in the solid state are lower for networks incorporating flexible chains; the network topology freezing temperature decreases with increasing MW of flexible linear segments but increases with increasing MW of stiff segments. Vitrimer reconfigurability is therefore influenced not only by the energetics of bond exchange for a given network density, but also the entropy of polymer chains within the network
VOCALExplore: Pay-as-You-Go Video Data Exploration and Model Building [Technical Report]
We introduce VOCALExplore, a system designed to support users in building
domain-specific models over video datasets. VOCALExplore supports interactive
labeling sessions and trains models using user-supplied labels. VOCALExplore
maximizes model quality by automatically deciding how to select samples based
on observed skew in the collected labels. It also selects the optimal video
representations to use when training models by casting feature selection as a
rising bandit problem. Finally, VOCALExplore implements optimizations to
achieve low latency without sacrificing model performance. We demonstrate that
VOCALExplore achieves close to the best possible model quality given candidate
acquisition functions and feature extractors, and it does so with low visible
latency (~1 second per iteration) and no expensive preprocessing
Stress relaxation analysis facilitates a quantitative approach towards antimicrobial penetration into biofilms
Biofilm-related infections can develop everywhere in the human body and are rarely cleared by the host immune system. Moreover, biofilms are often tolerant to antimicrobials, due to a combination of inherent properties of bacteria in their adhering, biofilm mode of growth and poor physical penetration of antimicrobials through biofilms. Current understanding of biofilm recalcitrance toward antimicrobial penetration is based on qualitative descriptions of biofilms. Here we hypothesize that stress relaxation of biofilms will relate with antimicrobial penetration. Stress relaxation analysis of single-species oral biofilms grown in vitro identified a fast, intermediate and slow response to an induced deformation, corresponding with outflow of water and extracellular polymeric substances, and bacterial re-arrangement, respectively. Penetration of chlorhexidine into these biofilms increased with increasing relative importance of the slow and decreasing importance of the fast relaxation element. Involvement of slow relaxation elements suggests that biofilm structures allowing extensive bacterial re-arrangement after deformation are more open, allowing better antimicrobial penetration. Involvement of fast relaxation elements suggests that water dilutes the antimicrobial upon penetration to an ineffective concentration in deeper layers of the biofilm. Next, we collected biofilms formed in intra-oral collection devices bonded to the buccal surfaces of the maxillary first molars of human volunteers. Ex situ chlorhexidine penetration into two weeks old in vivo formed biofilms followed a similar dependence on the importance of the fast and slow relaxation elements as observed for in vitro formed biofilms. This study demonstrates that biofilm properties can be derived that quantitatively explain antimicrobial penetration into a biofilm
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