Mutamenti di paradigmi nelle politiche sociali: nuove attuazioni territoriali in Europa

Starting from the birth of the welfare state in Great Britain, we discuss about the traditional paradigms of the welfare state as they are inadequate for understanding the contemporary decentralization process of social policies in Europe. Italy had interesting experiences in social policies since the beginning of the 20th century. In 2000, with the law number 328/2000 Italy reformed the social-health services system organization and administration. This law is very important because, ever since, the State doesn’t assist anymore but it devolves power to the regions in order to create regional social-health services systems to take care of the citizens and to prevent social problems. The main goal is to assure the citizens the right of taking part in the creation of regional social policies. In Sardinia we see the attempt to create a regional system of social and health services with the regional law number 23/2005, which creates an Integrated Local System of Services. We try to compare it with the Scottish experience after the devolution process started in 1999, when Scotland created his own National Health Services. Analysing these cases we can observe the main tendencies in Europe: promoting the decentralization of social policies; creating a better integration between social and health services and between services and the citizenship

Identità comunitaria e risorse naturali. Note di ricerca sulla funzione socio-culturale della foresta di Marganai

From a sociological point of view, the forest is not only considered as a set of eco-system services, but its important symbolic, socio-cultural and identity function for neighboring populations is also recognized. The contribution aims to propose a reflection on this issue from the results of an empirical research conducted in the territories of the Marganai forest (southwest Sardinia).Da un punto di vista sociologico, la foresta non viene unicamente considerata come un insieme di servizi eco-sistemici, ma se ne riconosce anche l’importante funzione simbolica, socio-culturale e identitaria che riveste per le popolazioni che con essa storicamente si relazionano. Il contributo intende proporre una riflessione su questo tema a partire dai risultati di una ricerca empirica condotta nei territori della foresta di Marganai (sud-ovest della Sardegna)

Worldwide trends in population-based survival for children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia, by subtype, during 2000–14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual data from 258 cancer registries in 61 countries

Background: Leukaemias comprise a heterogenous group of haematological malignancies. In CONCORD-3, we analysed data for children (aged 0–14 years) and adults (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with a haematological malignancy during 2000–14 in 61 countries. Here, we aimed to examine worldwide trends in survival from leukaemia, by age and morphology, in young patients (aged 0–24 years). Methods: We analysed data from 258 population-based cancer registries in 61 countries participating in CONCORD-3 that submitted data on patients diagnosed with leukaemia. We grouped patients by age as children (0–14 years), adolescents (15–19 years), and young adults (20–24 years). We categorised leukaemia subtypes according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3), updated with International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3) codes. We estimated 5-year net survival by age and morphology, with 95% CIs, using the non-parametric Pohar-Perme estimator. To control for background mortality, we used life tables by country or region, single year of age, single calendar year and sex, and, where possible, by race or ethnicity. All-age survival estimates were standardised to the marginal distribution of young people with leukaemia included in the analysis. Findings: 164 563 young people were included in this analysis: 121 328 (73·7%) children, 22 963 (14·0%) adolescents, and 20 272 (12·3%) young adults. In 2010–14, the most common subtypes were lymphoid leukaemia (28 205 [68·2%] patients) and acute myeloid leukaemia (7863 [19·0%] patients). Age-standardised 5-year net survival in children, adolescents, and young adults for all leukaemias combined during 2010–14 varied widely, ranging from 46% in Mexico to more than 85% in Canada, Cyprus, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and Australia. Individuals with lymphoid leukaemia had better age-standardised survival (from 43% in Ecuador to ≥80% in parts of Europe, North America, Oceania, and Asia) than those with acute myeloid leukaemia (from 32% in Peru to ≥70% in most high-income countries in Europe, North America, and Oceania). Throughout 2000–14, survival from all leukaemias combined remained consistently higher for children than adolescents and young adults, and minimal improvement was seen for adolescents and young adults in most countries. Interpretation: This study offers the first worldwide picture of population-based survival from leukaemia in children, adolescents, and young adults. Adolescents and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia continue to have lower survival than children. Trends in survival from leukaemia for adolescents and young adults are important indicators of the quality of cancer management in this age group