Erlandson v. Kiffmeyer: Minnesota’s Absentee Voting Laws Following the Sudden Death of Incumbent Candidate Paul Wellstone

This article addresses the legal and practical effects of Senator Wellstone\u27s death and the court\u27s absentee ballot decision in Erlandson v. Kiffmeyer. Part II discusses other, surprisingly common, instances when a candidate has died or withdrawn close to an election, and examines Minnesota\u27s approach to pre-election vacancies. Part III explores the Erlandson decision and the facts giving rise to it. Part IV then analyzes the court\u27s decision and the legislature\u27s reaction to it. Finally, Part V concludes that if the state has an acknowledged goal of enfranchising absentee voters even after an unexpected, catastrophic event, then state law must be amended to better achieve this goal

Erlandson v. Kiffmeyer: Minnesota’s Absentee Voting Laws Following the Sudden Death of Incumbent Candidate Paul Wellstone

This article addresses the legal and practical effects of Senator Wellstone\u27s death and the court\u27s absentee ballot decision in Erlandson v. Kiffmeyer. Part II discusses other, surprisingly common, instances when a candidate has died or withdrawn close to an election, and examines Minnesota\u27s approach to pre-election vacancies. Part III explores the Erlandson decision and the facts giving rise to it. Part IV then analyzes the court\u27s decision and the legislature\u27s reaction to it. Finally, Part V concludes that if the state has an acknowledged goal of enfranchising absentee voters even after an unexpected, catastrophic event, then state law must be amended to better achieve this goal

the Impact Of Product Innovation And Market Orientation On The Competitive Advantage of Souvenirs In Padang

This study aims to analyze the influence of the dimensions of product innovation (product feature innovation, product packaging innovation, and product uniqueness innovation) and market orientation towards competitive advantage of bengkuang processed products in Padang. The population in this study are UMKM in Padang who sell bengkuang. There were 100 respondents taken by using purposive sampling technique. The data was analyzed by using path analysis through SPSS software

Perbandingan Terapi Kombinasi Laser CO2-Injeksi Triamsinolon dengan Injeksi Triamsinolon Monoterapi pada Keloid

Latar Belakang: Keloid adalah hiperplasia jinak dari jaringan fibrosa kulit. Gambaran histopatologi menunjukkan fibroblas dan serat kolagen yang berlebih. Prevalensi pasien keloid di Poli Kulit dan Kelamin RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya adalah 1,4% (tahun 2013), 1,6% (tahun 2014), dan 1,5% (tahun 2015). Angka kekambuhan keloid pascaterapi injeksi triamsinolon mencapai 33% dalam 1 tahun. Laser CO2 dengan mode kontinu yang diikuti dengan injeksi triamsinolon memiliki efektifitas yang lebih baik dibanding injeksi triamsinolon monoterapi, dengan angka kekambuhan 15,4%. Laser CO2 mode fraksional memiliki masa penyembuhan lebih cepat daripada mode kontinu, karena ablasi terbatas hanya pada microscopic treatment zone (MTZ). Terapi kombinasi laser CO2 fraksional dan injeksi triamsinolon memadukan efek fototermolisis selektif dan efek antimitotik. Tujuan: Mengetahui efektifitas terapi kombinasi laser CO2 fraksional dan injeksi triamsinolon terhadap pasien keloid. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis terbuka yang membandingkan terapi kombinasi laser CO2 fraksional dan triamsinolon asetonid intralesi (perlakuan) dengan terapi tunggal triamsinolon intralesi (kontrol) pada pasien keloid. Hasil: Penelitian ini melibatkan 26 pasien keloid, 13 pasien kelompok kontrol dan 13 pasien kelompok perlakuan. Penurunan tinggi keloid yang signifikan terjadi pada kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan (p=0,005 dan p=0,000), tetapi selisih penurunan tinggi keloid antara kedua kelompok tidak signifikan (p=0,598). Penurunan kepadatan fibroblas pada kelompok kontrol terjadi secara signifikan (p=0,016), tetapi pada kelompok perlakuan meningkat tidak signifikan (p=0,958). Peningkatan kepadatan fibroblas dapat dikarenakan penyusutan kolagen, sehingga fibroblas tampak semakin padat. Simpulan: Terapi injeksi triamsinolon asetonid yang dikombinasi dengan laser CO2 fraksional belum memberikan dampak yang lebih baik daripada terapi tunggal injeksi triamsinolon

Річард Смоллі і знамениті «десять вересневих днів»

У вересні цього року виповнюється 27 років, як було відкрито фулерен — нову сфероподібну форму вуглецю. Ця подія буквально приголомшила вчених, які на той час вважали, що про елементарний вуглець їм відомо практично все. Історія відкриття цієї речовини досить незвичайна. Ще в 1971 р. можливість існування молекули фулерену була передбачена японським ученим Е. Осавою (E. Osawa), за два роки радянські хіміки-теоретики Д.А. Бочвар і О.Г. Гальперн квантово-хімічними розрахунками підтвердили стабільність молекули С60, і лише у 1985 р. Р. Смоллі, Р. Керл та Г. Крото експериментально отримали кластери із 60 атомів вуглецю в стійкій формі, яку вони пояснили структурою молекули у вигляді футбольного м’яча. Натхненнику цього відкриття, видатному вченому, нобелівському лауреату, активному популяризатору нанотехнологій Річарду Смоллі присвячено цей матеріал.В сентябре этого года исполняется 27 лет с момента открытия фуллерена — новой сферообразной формы углерода. Это событие буквально потрясло ученых, которые в то время считали, что об элементарном углероде им известно практически все. История открытия этого вещества довольно необычна. Еще в 1971 г. возможность су ществования молекулы фуллерена была предсказана японским ученым Е. Осавой (E. Osawa), через два года советские химики-теоретики Д.А. Бочвар и Е.Г. Гальперн с помощью квантово-химических расчетов подтвердили стабильность молекулы С60, и только в 1985 г. Р. Смолли, Р. Керл и Г. Крото экспериментально получили кластеры из 60 атомов углерода в устойчивой форме, которую они объяснили структурой молекулы в виде футбольного мяча. Вдохновителю этого открытия, выдающемуся ученому, нобелевскому лауреату, активному популяризатору нанотехнологий Ричарду Смолли посвящен этот материал.27 years since the discovery of fullerene, the new form of carbon, is observed in September of this year. This event has literally shocked scientists, who believed at that time that they know almost everything about the elementary carbon. History of this discovery is rather unusual. Long ago, in 1971 the possibility of the existence of a fullerene molecule was predicted by an young Japanese scientist E. Osawa. Then two Soviet chemists and theorists D.A. Bochvar and E.G. Hal pern confirm the stability of the C60 molecule using quantum chemical calculations, and in 1985 at last R. Smalley, R. Curl and H. Kroto experimentally obtained clusters of 60 carbon atoms in a sustainable form. They explained the structure of this molecule as the structure of a soccer ball. This material is devoted to the inspirer of this discovery, an outstanding scientist, Nobel laureate, active popularizer of nanotechnology — Richard Smalley

The benefits and limitations of animal models for translational research in cartilage repair.

Much research is currently ongoing into new therapies for cartilage defect repair with new biomaterials frequently appearing which purport to have significant regenerative capacity. These biomaterials may be classified as medical devices, and as such must undergo rigorous testing before they are implanted in humans. A large part of this testing involves in vitro trials and biomechanical testing. However, in order to bridge the gap between the lab and the clinic, in vivo preclinical trials are required, and usually demanded by regulatory approval bodies. This review examines the in vivo models in current use for cartilage defect repair testing and the relevance of each in the context of generated results and applicability to bringing the device to clinical practice. Some of the preclinical models currently used include murine, leporine, ovine, caprine, porcine, canine, and equine models. Each of these has advantages and disadvantages in terms of animal husbandry, cartilage thickness, joint biomechanics and ethical and licencing issues. This review will examine the strengths and weaknesses of the various animal models currently in use in preclinical studies of cartilage repair

A Translational Model for Repeated Episodes of Joint Inflammation : Welfare, Clinical and Synovial Fluid Biomarker Assessment

This study investigates repeated low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections in equine joints as a model for recurrent joint inflammation and its impact on animal welfare. Joint inflammation was induced in eight horses by injecting 0.25 ng of LPS three times at two-week intervals. Welfare scores and clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and over 168 h post-injection. Serial synoviocentesis was performed for the analysis of a panel of synovial fluid biomarkers of inflammation and cartilage turnover. Clinical parameters and a final synoviocentesis were also performed eight weeks after the last sampling point to assess the recovery of normal joint homeostasis. Statistical methods were used to compare the magnitude of response to each of the 3 LPS inductions and to compare the baseline and final measurements. Each LPS injection produced consistent clinical and biomarker responses, with minimal changes in welfare scores. General matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and joint circumference showed greater response to the second LPS induction, but response to the third was comparable to the first. Gylcosaminoglycans (GAG) levels showed a significantly decreased response with each induction, while collagen-cleavage neoepitope of type II collagen (C2C) and carboxypropetide of type II collagen epitope (CPII) showed quicker responses to the second and third inductions. All parameters were comparable to baseline values at the final timepoint. In conclusion, a consistent, reliable intra-articular inflammatory response can be achieved with repeated injections of 0.25 ng LPS, with minimal impact on animal welfare, suggesting potential as a refined translational model of recurrent joint inflammation

All-Optical Broadband Excitation of the Motional State of Trapped Ions

We have developed a novel all-optical broadband scheme for exciting, amplifying and measuring the secular motion of ions in a radio frequency trap. Oscillation induced by optical excitation has been coherently amplified to precisely control and measure the ion's secular motion. Requiring only laser line-of-sight, we have shown that the ion's oscillation amplitude can be precisely controlled. Our excitation scheme can generate coherent motion which is robust against variations in the secular frequency. Therefore, our scheme is ideal to excite the desired level of oscillatory motion under conditions where the secular frequency is evolving in time. Measuring the oscillation amplitude through Doppler velocimetry, we have characterized the experimental parameters and compared them with a molecular dynamics simulation which provides a complete description of the system.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figure