Note and Comment

Attorney\u27s Interest in His Case undera Contract for Contingent Fees - Absolute protection for an attorney who has given services in a cause wherein he runs the risk of receiving no compensation for his efforts would require that he be considered as having an equitable assignment of the specified percentage of the judgment from the filing of the first paper, and that he have the right to carry the case through to final judgment, on his own behalf, any desire of his client to discontinue, dismiss or compromise to the contrary notwithstanding. On the other hand, the courts frequently say that the client should have a maximum power of control of his case at all times, and that compromise should be actively favored, as a matter of public policy. There is authority for almost every conceivable position between these extremes

Note and Comment

Constitutional Law - Applicability of First Ten Amendments to Unincorporated Territory - A man was killed aboard an American ship in a Virgin Island port. A police investigation was started the next day and continued for twelve days thereafter, during which twenty three witnesses were examined by the government. During most of the investigation the prisoners were present, and most of the testimony was translated into Spanish for their benefit, that being the only language they understood. No formal charge had been made against them and they were without counsel, but they were given an opportunity to explain after the testimony of each witness. The record was then transferred to the District court where the same judge presided, assisted by four lay judges. Formal charge was made, and the prisoners had counsel. The trial consisted of arguments on the facts as found in the above investigation, no more witnesses being called, although the prisoners were given the opportunity of calling witnesses in their behalf. They were found guilty. Act of Congress of March 3, 1917 (39 Stat. c. 171) provided that, as to judicial proceedings, the local laws should continue in effect in so far as compatible with the chang\u27ed sovereignty, until Congress should otherwise provide. It was assumed that the above proceedings were in accord\u27 with the local laws as established by Denmark. Held, the prisoners are entitled to a new trial, for the new sovereignty gives them the right to be confronted by the witnesses against them, and to be heard through cross-examination. Soto v. U. S., (C. C. A., 3d Circ., 1921), 273 Fed. 628

Effects of Feeding Brassica Mixture Cover Crops During Backgrounding on Carcass Traits and Fresh Meat Quality

Objective: Determine effects of feeding brassica-based cover crops to cattle during backgrounding on carcass characteristics and tenderness, flavor, and juiciness of longissimus dorsi steaks

Multipactor experiment on a dielectric surface

A novel experiment to investigate single-surface multipactor on a dielectric surface was developed and tested. The compact apparatus consists of a small brass microwave cavity in a high vacuum system. The cavity is ∼15 cm in length with an outer diameter of ∼10 cm. A pulsed variable frequency microwave source at ∼2.4 GHz, 2 kW peak excites the TE111TE111 mode with a strong electric field parallel to a dielectric plate (∼0.2 cm thickness) that is inserted at midlength of the cavity. The microwave pulses are monitored by calibrated microwave diodes. An electron probe measures electron current and provides temporal measurements of the multipactor electron current with respect to the microwave pulses. Phosphor on the dielectric surface is used to detect multipactor electrons by photoemission. The motivation of this experiment is to test recent theoretical calculations of single-surface multipactor on a dielectric. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71183/2/RSINAK-72-7-3095-1.pd

The impact of fretting wear on structural dynamics: Experiment and simulation

This paper investigates the effects of fretting wear on frictional contacts. A high frequency friction rig is used to measure the evolution of hysteresis loops, friction coefficient and tangential contact stiffness over time. This evolution of the contact parameters is linked to significant changes in natural frequencies and damping of the rig. Hysteresis loops are replicated by using a Bouc-Wen modified formulation, which includes wear to simulate the evolution of contact parameters and to model the evolving dynamic behaviour of the rig. A comparison of the measured and predicted dynamic behaviour demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approach and highlights the need to consider wear to accurately capture the dynamic response of a system with frictional joints over its lifetime

The impact of fretting wear on structural dynamics: Experiment and simulation

This paper investigates the effects of fretting wear on frictional contacts. A high frequency friction rig is used to measure the evolution of hysteresis loops, friction coefficient and tangential contact stiffness over time. This evolution of the contact parameters is linked to significant changes in natural frequencies and damping of the rig. Hysteresis loops are replicated by using a Bouc-Wen modified formulation, which includes wear to simulate the evolution of contact parameters and to model the evolving dynamic behaviour of the rig. A comparison of the measured and predicted dynamic behaviour demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approach and highlights the need to consider wear to accurately capture the dynamic response of a system with frictional joints over its lifetime

Inhibition of cervical cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo with dual shRNAs

RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene silencing is widely used in laboratories for gene function studies and also holds a great promise for developing treatments for diseases. However, in vivo delivery of RNAi therapy remains a key issue. Lentiviral vectors have been employed for stable gene transfer and gene therapy and therefore are expected to deliver a stable and durable RNAi therapy. But this does not seem to be true in some disease models. Here, we showed that lentivirus delivered short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) against human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 oncogenes were effective for only 2 weeks in a cervical cancer model. However, using this vector to carry two copies of the same shRNA or two shRNAs targeting at two different but closely related genes (HPV E6 and vascular endothelial growth factor) was more effective at silencing the gene targets and inhibiting cell or even tumor growth than their single shRNA counterparts. The cancer cells treated with dual shRNA were also more sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs than single shRNA-treated cells. These results suggest that a multi-shRNA strategy may be a more attractive approach for developing an RNAi therapy for this cancer. Cancer Gene Therapy (2011) 18, 219-227; doi: 10.1038/cgt.2010.72; published online 19 November 201

Drug interaction potential of high-dose rifampicin in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Accumulating evidence supports the use of higher doses of rifampicin for tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Rifampicin is a potent inducer of metabolic enzymes and drug transporters, resulting in clinically relevant drug interactions. To assess the drug interaction potential of higher doses of rifampicin, we compared the effect of high-dose rifampicin (40 mg/kg daily, RIF40) and standard-dose rifampicin (10 mg/kg daily, RIF10) on the activities of major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In this open-label, single-arm, two-period, fixed-order phenotyping cocktail study, adult participants with pulmonary TB received RIF10 (days 1-15), followed by RIF40 (days 16-30). A single dose of selective substrates (probe drugs) was administered orally on days 15 and 30: caffeine (CYP1A2), tolbutamide (CYP2C9), omeprazole (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), midazolam (CYP3A), and digoxin (P-gp). Intensive pharmacokinetic blood sampling was performed over 24 hours after probe drug intake. In all, 25 participants completed the study. Geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) of the total exposure (area under the concentration versus time curve, RIF40 versus RIF10) for each of the probe drugs were as follows: caffeine, 105% (96%-115%); tolbutamide, 80% (74%-86%); omeprazole, 55% (47%-65%); dextromethorphan, 77% (68%-86%); midazolam, 62% (49%-78%), and 117% (105%-130%) for digoxin. In summary, high-dose rifampicin resulted in no additional effect on CYP1A2, mild additional induction of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A, and marginal inhibition of P-gp. Existing recommendations on managing drug interactions with rifampicin can remain unchanged for the majority of co-administered drugs when using high-dose rifampicin. Clinical Trials registration number NCT04525235.</p