3 research outputs found

    Predição de transtorno bipolar e desfechos funcionais em adultos jovens : um acompanhamento de cinco anos

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    O transtorno bipolar (tb) é uma doença psiquiátrica crônica associada à altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Estudos anteriores demonstram redução significativa da expectativa de vida, além de risco aumentado para doença cardiovascular e morte por suicídio. Apesar de ser um transtorno com início precoce, existe um atraso de até 10 anos entre o início de sintomas e o diagnóstico adequado. Como consequência do crescimento da psiquiatria de precisão, pesquisas têm explorado o uso de técnicas de aprendizado de máquina para predizer tb, com foco em diagnóstico diferencial. No entanto, grande parte destes estudos são baseados em amostras clínicas pequenas, com curtos períodos de acompanhamento. A presente dissertação visa construir um modelo de classificação binária capaz de prever casos incidentes de tb em um intervalo de cinco anos através de características sociodemográficas e clínicas em uma amostra de adultos jovens, a partir de um grande estudo de coorte populacional. Avaliamos 1.091 sujeitos sem tb com 18 a 24 anos de idade no baseline a partir de uma amostra comunitária de jovens adultos da cidade de Pelotas (rs). O diagnóstico de tb no follow-up foi construído com base na Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0. Cento e noventa preditores demográficos, sociais, clínicos e ambientais foram incluídos no pipeline de pré-processamento e modelagem. Utilizamos o algoritmo xgboost, estado-da-arte para dados tabulares, com validação cruzada 5-fold repetida por cinco vezes junto à seleção de variáveis e métodos de sobreamostragem para criar um modelo que pudesse prever quais sujeitos desenvolveriam tb cinco anos mais tarde. Quarenta e nove indivíduos (4,49%) receberam um diagnóstico de tb cinco anos depois. O melhor modelo selecionado com base no processo de validação cruzada apresentou um desempenho aceitável com um valor de auc de teste de 0,786 (ic 95%: 0,686, 0,887). O modelo final incluiu dez preditores, sendo eles: sentimento de fracasso, tristeza, episódio depressivo atual na primeira avaliação, problemas de estresse auto-relatado, autoconfiança, uso de cocaína ao longo da vida, status socioeconômico, frequência sexual, relacionamento com parceiro fixo e taquilalia. Um teste de permutação com 10.000 permutações demonstrou performance de auc significativamente melhor do modelo construído comparado a classificadores aleatórios ( < 0, 001). Os resultados do estudo trazem insights relevantes no que tange à compreensão do tb como um fenômeno latente, em especial, considerando que a depressão maior é comumente a primeira manifestação da doença, em linha com sintomas depressivos sendo os principais preditores no modelo apresentado. Visando uma melhor caracterização do tb, sugerimos que estudos futuros concentrem-se em fazer um acompanhamento sistemático que leve em conta estas características durante outras etapas do desenvolvimento, bem como investir em estudos que utilizem populações de risco específicas. Além disso, a inclusão de dados digitais de saúde, informações biológicas e neuropsicológicas pode ajudar no aprimoramento de novos modelos preditivos.Bipolar disorder (bd) is a chronic psychiatric illness associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Previous studies demonstrate a significant reduction in life expectancy, as well as an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and death by suicide. Despite being an early-onset disorder, there is a delay of up to 10 years between symptom onset and adequate diagnosis. As a consequence of the growth of precision psychiatry, research has explored the use of machine learning techniques to predict bd, with a focus on differential diagnosis. However, a large portion of these studies are based on small clinical samples with short follow-up periods. The present thesis aims to build a binary classification model capable of predicting incident cases of bd within a 5-year interval through sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in a sample of young adults from a large population cohort study.We evaluated 1,091 individuals without bd aged 18–24 at baseline from a community sample of young adults in the city of Pelotas (rs). The diagnosis of bd in the follow-up was based on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0. One hundred and ninety demographic, social, clinical, and environmental predictors were included in the preprocessing and modeling pipeline.We used the state-of-the-art xgboost algorithm for tabular data, with 5-fold cross-validation repeated five times, along with variable selection and oversampling methods, to create a model that could predict which subjects would develop bd five years later. Forty-nine individuals (4.49%) received a bd diagnosis five years later. The best model based on the cross-validation procedure showed acceptable performance with a test auc value of 0.786 (95% ci: 0.686, 0.887). The final model included ten predictors, namely, feeling like a failure, sadness, current depressive episode at baseline, selfreported stress problems, self-confidence, lifetime cocaine use, socioeconomic status, sexual frequency, relationship with a fixed partner, and tachylalia. A permutation test with 10,000 permutations demonstrated significantly better auc performance of the built model compared to random classifiers ( < 0.001). The study results provide relevant insights regarding the understanding of bd as a latent phenomenon, particularly considering that major depression is commonly the first manifestation of the disease, in line with depressive symptoms being the main predictors in the presented model. In order to better characterize bd, we suggest that future studies focus on systematic follow-up that takes these characteristics into account during other stages of development, aswell as investing in studies that use specific at-risk populations. Additionally, the inclusion of digital health data, biological and neuropsychological information can help improve new predictive models

    Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Cognitive Reserve Assessment Scale in Health

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    Cognitive reserve; Cognition; Validation studyReserva cognitiva; Cognición; Estudio de validaciónReserva cognitiva; Cognició; Estudi de validacióOBJECTIVE: As the older population increases, it is important to identify factors that may reduce the risks of dementia in the general population. One such factor is the concept of cognitive reserve (CR). The present study analyzed the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Reserve Assessment Scale in Health (CRASH) in the Brazilian population. This scale was originally developed to measure CR in individuals with severe mental illness. We also investigated the relationship between the CRASH and clinical or sociodemographic variables. METHODS: This study was conducted with 398 individuals. We assessed sociodemographic variables and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale [DASS-21]) using a web-based survey. We constructed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model in order to test the goodness of fit of the factor structure proposed in the original CRASH study. RESULTS: The McDonald's hierarchical ω for CRASH using CFA parameters was 0.61, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicated good internal consistency when considering all items (alpha = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that CRASH can be used to assess CR in the general population in Brazil.This work has received financial support from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and was financed in part by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES), Finance Code 001. SA has been supported by a Sara Borrell contract (CD20/00177) funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by the European Social Fund "Investing in your future." EV has received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PI15/00283; PI21/00787) integrated into the Plan Nacional de I+D+I and was co-funded by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), the Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del DIUE de la Generalitat de Catalunya to the Bipolar Disorders Group (2017 SGR 1365), and project SLT006/17/00357 from Pla Estratègic de Recerca i Innovació en Salut (PERIS) 2016-2020 (Departament de Salut), Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA) Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. DBS has received financial support from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS). JFG has received financial support from CAPES. ARR has received financial support from CNPq for the PQ 2019 productivity scholarship 302382/2019-4

    Autophagy-based antidepressants?

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