9,787 research outputs found
Damping of vertical coronal loop kink oscillations through wave tunneling
The decay rate of vertical kink waves in a curved flux tube is modeled numerically. The full MHD equations are solved for a curved equilibrium flux tube in an arcade geometry and the decay of ψ, the integral over the flux tube of the modulus of the velocity perpendicular to the local magnetic field, is measured. These simulations are 2D and are thus restricted to kink oscillations in the loop plane. The decay rate is found to increase with increasing wavelength, increasing β and decreasing density contrast ratio. The wave tunneling effect is shown to be a possible mechanism for the high decay rate of the recent observed kink oscillation reported by Wang & Solanki (2004)
Leakage of waves from coronal loops by wave tunneling
To better understand the decay of vertically polarised fast kink modes of coronal loops by the mechanism of wave tunneling, simulations are performed of fast kink modes in straight flux slabs which have Alfvén speed profiles which include a tunneling region. The decay rates are found to be determined by the mode number of the trapped mode and the thickness of the tunneling region. Two analytical models are suggested to explain the observed decay. The first is a extension of the work of Roberts (1981, Sol. Phys., 69, 39) to include a finite thickness tunneling region, and the second is a simpler model which yields an analytical solution for the relationship between decay rate, period and the thickness of the tunneling region. The decay rates for these straight slabs are found to be slower than in observations and those found in a previous paper on the subject by Brady & Arber (2005, A&A, 438, 733) using curved flux slabs. It is found that the difference between the straight slabs used here and the curved slabs used in Brady & Arber (2005, A&A, 438, 733) can be represented as a geometric correction to the decay rate
Gravitational collapse from smooth initial data with vanishing radial pressure
We study here the spherical gravitational collapse assuming initial data to
be necessarily smooth, as motivated by the requirements based on physical
reasonableness. A tangential pressure model is constructed and analyzed in
order to understand the final fate of collapse explicitly in terms of the
density and pressure parameters at the initial epoch from which the
collapsedevelops. It is seen that both black holes and naked singularities are
produced as collapse end states even when the initial data is smooth. We show
that the outcome is decided entirely in terms of the initial data, as given by
density, pressure and velocity profiles at the initial epoch, from which the
collapse evolves.Comment: 10 pages,3 figures,revtex4,Revised Versio
Cosmic Censorship: As Strong As Ever
Spacetimes which have been considered counter-examples to strong cosmic
censorship are revisited. We demonstrate the classical instability of the
Cauchy horizon inside charged black holes embedded in de Sitter spacetime for
all values of the physical parameters. The relevant modes which maintain the
instability, in the regime which was previously considered stable, originate as
outgoing modes near to the black hole event horizon. This same mechanism is
also relevant for the instability of Cauchy horizons in other proposed
counter-examples of strong cosmic censorship.Comment: 4 pages RevTeX style, 1 figure included using epsfi
Simulations of Alfvén and Kink wave driving of the solar chromosphere : efficient heating and spicule launching
Two of the central problems in our understanding of the solar chromosphere are how the upper chromosphere is heated and what drives spicules. Estimates of the required chromospheric heating, based on radiative and conductive losses, suggest a rate of ~0.1 erg cm−3 s−1 in the lower chromosphere and drops to ~10−3 erg cm−3 s−1 in the upper chromosphere. The chromosphere is also permeated by spicules, higher density plasma from the lower atmosphere propelled upwards at speeds of ~10–20 km s−1, for so-called Type I spicules, which reach heights of ~3000–5000 km above the photosphere. A clearer understanding of chromospheric dynamics, its heating, and the formation of spicules is thus of central importance to solar atmospheric science. For over 30 years it has been proposed that photospheric driving of MHD waves may be responsible for both heating and spicule formation. This paper presents results from a high-resolution MHD treatment of photospheric driven Alfvén and kink waves propagating upwards into an expanding flux tube embedded in a model chromospheric atmosphere. We show that the ponderomotive coupling from Alfvén and kink waves into slow modes generates shocks, which both heat the upper chromosphere and drive spicules. These simulations show that wave driving of the solar chromosphere can give a local heating rate that matches observations and drive spicules consistent with Type I observations all within a single coherent model
A nonlinear detection algorithm for periodic signals in gravitational wave detectors
We present an algorithm for the detection of periodic sources of
gravitational waves with interferometric detectors that is based on a special
symmetry of the problem: the contributions to the phase modulation of the
signal from the earth rotation are exactly equal and opposite at any two
instants of time separated by half a sidereal day; the corresponding is true
for the contributions from the earth orbital motion for half a sidereal year,
assuming a circular orbit. The addition of phases through multiplications of
the shifted time series gives a demodulated signal; specific attention is given
to the reduction of noise mixing resulting from these multiplications. We
discuss the statistics of this algorithm for all-sky searches (which include a
parameterization of the source spin-down), in particular its optimal
sensitivity as a function of required computational power. Two specific
examples of all-sky searches (broad-band and narrow-band) are explored
numerically, and their performances are compared with the stack-slide technique
(P. R. Brady, T. Creighton, Phys. Rev. D, 61, 082001).Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Busy Beaver Scores and Alphabet Size
We investigate the Busy Beaver Game introduced by Rado (1962) generalized to
non-binary alphabets. Harland (2016) conjectured that activity (number of
steps) and productivity (number of non-blank symbols) of candidate machines
grow as the alphabet size increases. We prove this conjecture for any alphabet
size under the condition that the number of states is sufficiently large. For
the measure activity we show that increasing the alphabet size from two to
three allows an increase. By a classical construction it is even possible to
obtain a two-state machine increasing activity and productivity of any machine
if we allow an alphabet size depending on the number of states of the original
machine. We also show that an increase of the alphabet by a factor of three
admits an increase of activity
Do naked singularities generically occur in generalized theories of gravity?
A new mechanism for causing naked singularities is found in an effective
superstring theory. We investigate the gravitational collapse in a spherically
symmetric Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton system in the presence of a pure
cosmological constant "potential", where the system has no static black hole
solution. We show that once gravitational collapse occurs in the system, naked
singularities necessarily appear in the sense that the field equations break
down in the domain of outer communications. This suggests that in generalized
theories of gravity, the non-minimally coupled fields generically cause naked
singularities in the process of gravitational collapse if the system has no
static or stationary black hole solution.Comment: 4 pages including 2 eps figures, to be published in Physical Review
Letter
Stability of degenerate Cauchy horizons in black hole spacetimes
In the multihorizon black hole spacetimes, it is possible that there are
degenerate Cauchy horizons with vanishing surface gravities. We investigate the
stability of the degenerate Cauchy horizon in black hole spacetimes. Despite
the asymptotic behavior of spacetimes (flat, anti-de Sitter, or de Sitter), we
find that the Cauchy horizon is stable against the classical perturbations, but
unstable quantum mechanically.Comment: Revtex, 4 pages, no figures, references adde
- …