3 research outputs found
Engineering Antibody Reactivity for Efficient Derivatization to Generate Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 Inhibitory GpTx‑1 Peptide–Antibody Conjugates
The voltage-gated
sodium channel Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 is a genetically
validated pain target under investigation for the development of analgesics.
A therapeutic with a less frequent dosing regimen would be of value
for treating chronic pain; however functional Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 targeting
antibodies are not known. In this report, we describe Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 inhibitory peptide–antibody conjugates as an alternate
construct for potential prolonged channel blockade through chemical
derivatization of engineered antibodies. We previously identified
Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 inhibitory peptide GpTx-1 from tarantula venom and
optimized its potency and selectivity. Tethering GpTx-1 peptides to
antibodies bifunctionally couples FcRn-based antibody recycling attributes
to the Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 targeting function of the peptide warhead.
Herein, we conjugated a GpTx-1 peptide to specific engineered cysteines
in a carrier anti-2,4-dinitrophenol monoclonal antibody using polyethylene
glycol linkers. The reactivity of 13 potential cysteine conjugation
sites in the antibody scaffold was tuned using a model alkylating
agent. Subsequent reactions with the peptide identified cysteine locations
with the highest conversion to desired conjugates, which blocked Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 currents in whole cell electrophysiology. Variations in
attachment site, linker, and peptide loading established design parameters
for potency optimization. Antibody conjugation led to <i>in vivo</i> half-life extension by 130-fold relative to a nonconjugated GpTx-1
peptide and differential biodistribution to nerve fibers in wild-type
but not Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 knockout mice. This study describes the
optimization and application of antibody derivatization technology
to functionally inhibit Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 in engineered and neuronal
cells
Oxopyrido[2,3‑<i>d</i>]pyrimidines as Covalent L858R/T790M Mutant Selective Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitors
In nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC),
the threonine<sup>790</sup>–methionine<sup>790</sup> (T790M)
point mutation of EGFR kinase
is one of the leading causes of acquired resistance to the first generation
tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib.
Herein, we describe the optimization of a series of 7-oxopyridoÂ[2,3-<i>d</i>]Âpyrimidinyl-derived irreversible inhibitors of EGFR kinase.
This led to the discovery of compound <b>24</b> which potently
inhibits gefitinib-resistant EGFR<sup>L858R,T790M</sup> with 100-fold
selectivity over wild-type EGFR. Compound <b>24</b> displays
strong antiproliferative activity against the H1975 nonsmall cell
lung cancer cell line, the first line mutant HCC827 cell line, and
promising antitumor activity in an EGFR<sup>L858R,T790M</sup> driven
H1975 xenograft model sparing the side effects associated with the
inhibition of wild-type EGFR
Structure-Based Design of a Novel Series of Potent, Selective Inhibitors of the Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
A highly selective series of inhibitors of the class
I phosphatidylinositol
3-kinases (PI3Ks) has been designed and synthesized. Starting from
the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor <b>5</b>, a structure-based approach
was used to improve potency and selectivity, resulting in the identification
of <b>54</b> as a potent inhibitor of the class I PI3Ks with
excellent selectivity over mTOR, related phosphatidylinositol kinases,
and a broad panel of protein kinases. Compound <b>54</b> demonstrated
a robust PD–PK relationship inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway
in vivo in a mouse model, and it potently inhibited tumor growth in
a U-87 MG xenograft model with an activated PI3K/Akt pathway