The relationship between duration of infertility and intrauterine insemination: a multi-centers study

Abstract Introduction: The duration of infertility should be considered as a factor that may affect the outcome of Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART). The aim of the present work is to examine the outcome of infertility treatment in relation to duration of infertility. Materials and methods: One hundred fifty-two couples with mild male infertility factor were involved in this retrospective study. Sixty nine couples from Allow In vitro Fertilization center (IVF), and remaining (83 couples) from Embryo Research and Infertility Treatment; Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad-Iraq. Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) had been done for all couples using the same ART. Results: The mean age of men was 35.88 ± 0.57 years and the duration of infertility was 5.44 ± 0.29 year (range=1-19 years). The higher pregnancy and life-birth rates was demonstrated in those couples suffering from infertility for duration less than 4 years in compare to those who had duration more than 10 years (P<0.003, r=-0.869). Abortion rate was observed in those couples who had duration more than 10 years in compare to those who have duration of infertility less than 4 years (P<0.0014). The linear life-birth rate, in both IVF centers, shows decrease by increase in the duration of infertility. Conclusion: The researchers conclude that by increase in the duration of infertility the outcome of assisted reproductive techniques -IUI will be decreased markedly. Keywords: Infertility; ART; IUI; Life birth rat

Late Follicular Hyperprolactinemia (LF-HPRL) is not a disease

Prolactin (PRL) is an exceptional hormone of pituitary gland with important implications for normal reproduction as well as for sexual behavior. It increases in the first trimester of pregnancy (physiological hyperprolactinemia). The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of LF-HPRL as an indicator for early ongoing pregnancy in patients undergoing infertility treatment. Materials and patients: One hundred and eleven infertile women were involved in the present study. They were divided into: group A=76 pregnant women without anti-LF-HPRL therapy and 35 pregnant women with anti- LF-HPRL therapy as a group B. All women in both groups had been treated due to hyperprolactinemia until their PRL levels were normal. Later, after one cycle, both groups had been enrolled in a controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COS). Their husbands were reproductively fertile. All women with an additional factor of infertility had been excluded. The COS was aimed to get 2-3 mature follicles/women/cycle. During study, the ovulation, pregnancy, abortion, cancelation and live-birth rates were evaluated. Results: no significant differences between the groups regarding age, BMI and baseline hormonal investigation (FSH, LH, LH/FSH, testosterone, estradiol and PRL (P<0.03). The progesterone level at the day 21 of cycle was significantly difference between study and control groups, (4.52±4.91 and 5.36±4.73, respectively, P<0.02). The serum PRL at the 28 day of ovulation induction cycle was significantly difference between study and control group (28.32±11.89 and 7.53±5.69, respectively, P<0.001). The ovulation, ongoing pregnancy, life-birth rates were significantly higher in study group in compare to control group (P<0.001). The early abortion and cancelation rates were significantly higher in control in compare to study groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: high level of serum prolactin levels in the late follicular menstrual phase or LF-HPRL in infertile women treated by ovulation induction after complete hyperplactinemic therapy could be used as an indicator for early pregnancy. Treatment of LF-HPRL not recommended

Late Luteal Hyperprolactinemia (LL-HPRL) is not a disease..!!!

Prolactin (PRL) is an exceptional hormone of pituitary gland with important implications for normal reproduction as well as for sexual behavior. It increases in the first trimester of pregnancy (physiological hyperprolactinemia). The objective of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of LL-HPRL as an indicator for early ongoing pregnancy in patients undergoing treatment for infertility. This is a retrospective study on one hundred and eleven women who had beenundergoing treatment for infertilityand their husbands were known to be reproductively fertile. Women with knownother causesof infertility, besides anovulation and luteal phase deficiency were excluded from the study population. They were divided into two groups matched for age and Body-Mass Index (BMI); control group A: 76 pregnant women on no anti-LF-HPRL therapy and study group B: 35 pregnant women on anti-LF-HPRL therapy. All women in both groups had been treated for hyperprolactinemia until their PRL levels were normal. Later, after one menstrual cycle, both groups had been enrolled in a Controlled Ovarian hyperstimulation (COS) Program. The COS aimed to induce 2-3 mature follicles/women/cycle. Duringthe study period (34 months), the ovulation, pregnancy, abortion and live-birth rates were evaluated. The withdrawal rate of patients was also recorded. No significant differences were observed between the two groups of women regarding baseline hormonal levels (FSH, LH, LH/FSH, testosterone, estradiol and PRL (p<0.03). However, the progesterone levels at day 21 of the cycle was significantly different between study and control groups (4.52±4.91 and 5.36±4.73, respectively, p<0.02). The serum PRL at 28th day of ovulation induction cycle was significantly different between the study and control groups (28.32±11.89 and 7.53±5.69, respectively, p<0.001). The ovulation, ongoing pregnancy, life-birth rates were significantly higher in the study group in comparison to control group (p<0.001). Early abortion and cancelation rates were significantly higher in control than in study group (p<0.001). High serum prolactin levels in the Late Follicular menstrual Phase (LF-HPRL) in infertile women treated by ovulation induction after having completed therapy for hyperprolactinemia is an early indicator for diagnosis of ongoing pregnancy, consequently treatment of LF-HPRL is not recommended

Distribution of infertility factors among infertile couples in Yemen

Background: Infertility is a global health issue and determines as a one of the most prevalent health disorders among young adult couples. It is well known that 50-80 million people are facing the problem of getting an integrated family. In the last thirty years the causes of infertility are varied from one population to another. Objectives: To evaluate the distribution of infertility causes in patients attending Allow In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) center for infertility treatment. Patients and methods: This study is a retrospective study. Data of 2622 infertile couplesfor a 5 years(fromSeptember 2007 to September 2012) period was derived from Allow IVF center. Results: the male factor infertility was 29.90% (1281/2622) was common versus female factor of infertility which was 24.37%. The combined infertility has been found in 34.25% of population. The isolated tubal infertility factor was documented in 3.70% (97/2622). The rate of unexplained infertility was observed in 11.48% of the population. Conclusion: In summary, male factor infertility and anovulation, in the last thirty years, are still the driving causes of infertility problem in our population. The seminal fluid infection and sperm agglutination were the common male infertility subdivision causes in separate and combined infertility

Is there any effect of fenugreek seeds aqueous extract (FSA) on the quantity of ovarian follicles and estrus cycle of female rats…?

Sixty healthy mature female rats were involved in this study to evaluate the potential effects of FSA extract on number of ovarian follicles and estrus cycle stages. The female rats were randomly divided into four groups of 15 rats/each. The first group A was the control was given distilled water; the B, C and D received 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg FSA extract, respectively, for 21 days. A significant irregularity of estrus cycle, reduction in relative ovarian weights, reduction in the number of secondary follicles and corpora lutea in all treated groups and increase in the number of antral follicles in all treated groups in compared to the control. In conclusion, the observation of irregular estrus cycle, significant decrease in the number of secondary and antral follicles, and significant increase in the number of atretic follicles demonstrated the potential effects of fenugreek seeds