Acoustic control system in medicine

This article describes a device, which allows to control various elements using sound signals of different tones remotely. Its possible application are also described in various control systems

Плазмодинамический синтез двукомпонентного Zn-Bi[2]O[3] порошкообразного ультрадисперсного материала для изготовления варисторной керамики

We report the observation of ferroelectricity in capacitors based on hafnium-zirconium-oxide. Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films of 7.5 to 9.5 nm thickness were found to exhibit ferroelectric polarization-voltage hysteresis loops when integrated into TiN-based metal-insulator-metal capacitors. A remnant polarization of 16 C/cm2 and a high coercive field of 1 MV/cm were observed. Further proof for the ferroelectric nature was collected by quasi-static polarization-voltage hysteresis, small signal capacitance-voltage, and piezoelectric measurements. Data retention characteristics were evaluated by a Positive Up Negative Down pulse technique. No significant decay of the initial polarization state was observed within a measurement range of up to two days

Radiofrequency sputter deposition of germanium-sselenide thin films for resistive switching

The superionic conducting properties of Ag-doped GeSe thin films make this material a promising candidate for future, resistively switching-based memories allowing for high integration densities and short switching times. This paper reports on the radiofrequency sputter deposition of GeSe thin films and on the properties of the deposited thin films with respect to non-volatile memory applications. As sputter deposition is a widely used deposition method for industrial applications, we focused on the influences of deposition parameters as power and pressure to examine the suitability of sputter deposition for fabricating random access memories using GeSe-based resistive memory cells. Multiple characterization methods were utilized to determine the quality of the deposited thin films. The results of our measurements showed that we obtained smooth, dense and amorphous layers, which reveal good switching properties after doping with Ag, suitable for the use in GeSe-based memories. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Fatigue effect in ferroelectric PbZr1-xTixO3 thin films

PbZr1-xTixO3 (PZT) is one preferred ferroelectric material being used in nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memory devices. The use of oxide electrodes like IrO2 or SrRuO3 (SRO) is necessary to suppress the serious loss of polarization due to bipolar voltage cycling. Although, there are a number of models under discussion, the origin of the fatigue phenomenon is still not completely understood. In this paper, the fatigue effect of ferroelectric Pb(Zr-0.40,Ti-0.60)O-3 thin films has been studied in detail. To achieve a deeper understanding of the effect, several PZT samples with different electrode materials were investigated. After determining the dependence of the single fatigue parameters, a simulation approach was made to analyze the fatigue effect qualitatively. A sample with SRO electrodes was measured up to 10(13) cycles and no fatigue of the switchable polarization was observed. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics

Информационные системы в управлении затратами

Showing information systems in costs management. Found that the basis for determining the cost is ABC-costing. There is the algorithms Listed formation of costs. These algorithms for different objectives applications allow the make analysis, decomposition, cost planning in the management process

The leadership disease...and its potential cures

Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the full text of this article is only available via subscription.Leadership development and executive education have taken on increased prominence in recent years. The natural tendency is to approach the subject of leadership as a hierarchically-based process that is focused on higher-level individual leaders influencing lower-level followers. This tendency is consistent with myths surrounding charismatic and heroic visionary leaders who are often portrayed as single-handedly inspiring and directing their organizations to new heights. Unfortunately, these simplistic portrayals of leadership are promulgated by the media and desired by the consuming public. However, this kind of framing of leadership is dangerous: it lays the seeds of centralization of power, which can have innumerable detrimental outcomes. Accordingly, we explore two potent antidotes to this simplistic hierarchical formulation of leadership that have become an increasing focus of leadership research: self-leadership and shared leadership