A Ride In A Jitney For Mine

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/6572/thumbnail.jp

The Girl That You\u27ve Forgotten : Has Not Forgotten You

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/4204/thumbnail.jp

There\u27ll Come A Day

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/6258/thumbnail.jp

Resolving Conflict through Explicit Bargaining

This article analyzes the impact of conciliatory initiatives on conflict resolution in two-party bargaining. It specifically develops and tests a theory of unilateral initiatives derived from Osgood\u27s (1962) notion of Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension Reduction (GRIT). The major propositions of the theory indicate that, given a pattern of mutual resistance or hostility, unilateral initiatives and tit-for-tat retaliation in response to punitive action will produce more conciliation and less hostility by an opponent. To test the theory, a bargaining setting was created in a laboratory experiment in which parties exchanged offers and counteroffers on an issue across a number of rounds while also having the option to engage in punitive action against one another. The results indicated that (1) unilateral initiatives produced more concession making and less hostility than a reciprocity strategy, and (2) tit-for-tat retaliation heightened hostility initially but reduced it over time. The article suggests some general, abstract conditions under which two parties in conflict can produce conciliation and reach agreements without the intervention of third parties

Changing atmospheric Δ^(14)C and the record of deep water paleoventilation ages

We propose a new calculation method to better estimate the deep water ventilation age from benthic-planktonic foraminifera ^(14)C ages. Our study is motivated by the fact that changes in atmospheric Δ^(14)C through time can cause contemporary benthic and planktonic foraminifera to have different initial Δ^(14)C values. This effect can cause spurious ventilation age changes to be interpreted from the geologic data. Using a new calculation method, ^(14)C projection ages, we recalculate the data from the Pacific Ocean. Contrary to previous results, we find that the Pacific intermediate and deep waters were about 600 years older than today at the last glacial maximum. In addition, there are possible signals of ventilation age change prior to ice sheet melting and at the Younger Dryas. However, the data are still too sparse to constrain these ventilation transients

A "Little Berlin Wall" for all: discursive contruction across scales

Seit 2013 haben russische Grenzsicherheitskräfte Grenzzäune an verschiedenen Punkten entlang der Verwaltungsgrenze errichtet, die den de-facto-Staat Südossetien vom Restgebiet von Georgien trennt. Dieser Prozess der Grenzziehung hatte zum Ziel, etwas Realität werden zu lassen, was zuvor räumlich und verwaltungsmäßig Fiktion war, indem man die Trennung zwischen zwei Gemeinden territorial abgrenzen wollte. Der infrage stehende Grenzzaun wird inzwischen als „kleine Berliner Mauer“ bezeichnet, indem man einige unwesentliche Zaunabschnitte und Stacheldraht mit den imposanten Betonfestungen vergleicht, die während des Höhepunkts des Kalten Krieges dazu dienten, Ost- und Westberlin zu trennen. Dieser Artikel erörtert den Nutzwert der Vorstellung einer diskursiven Konstruktion, um uns zu ermöglichen, die Wirkung dieses vordergründig ungerechtfertigten Vergleichs zu untersuchen, wie es dazu kam, dass ABL durch die regionale Geographie von Europa sowohl geformt als auch umstrukturiert werden konnte. Die Verwendung des Begriffs einer „kleinen Berliner Mauer“ ist das Ergebnis sowohl der materiellen Abzäunung eines Teils des souveränen Staatsgebiets von Georgien, als auch der Rolle, die der Fall der Berliner Mauer im Verständnis von Europa in der Zeit nach dem kalten Krieg gespielt hat. Ähnlich werden dessen Auswirkungen in unterschiedlichen Maßstäben verspürt. Das beginnt damit, wie diese Grenze als rechtswidrige Abtrennung des souveränen Staatsgebiets von Georgien verstanden wird, über deren laufenden Ausbau als Außengrenze von Europa, was bezeichnend für die geographische und zeitliche Trennung des von Tiflis kontrollierten Georgiens von dem ist, was auf der anderen Seite dieser „illegalen“ Grenze liegt, bis hin zur festen Eingliederung von Georgien in Europa. Die bei dieser Verwendung der diskursiven Konstruktion sichtbaren Wirkungen auf die Außengrenze Europas weisen sowohl auf die Bedeutung der Grenzprozesse hin, die an den Rändern einer regionalen geographischen Einheit stattfinden, als auch auf die gleichzeitige Anwendung binärer Logik von Bewegung und Beständigkeit innerhalb der Grenzen Europas nach dem kalten Krieg.Since 2013, Russian Border Security Forces have been constructing border fences at various points along the Administrative Boundary Line that separates the de facto state of South Ossetia from the remainder of Georgian territory. This process of ‘borderization’ materializes what was formerly an administrative fiction on the ground, seeking to territorially demarcate the divide between the two communities. The fence in question has come to be referred to as the “Little Berlin Wall” inherently comparing some comparatively insubstantial stretches of fencing and barbed wire with the imposing concrete fortifications that served to divide East and West Berlin at the height of the Cold War. This article argues for the utility of the notion of a discursive construction in analysing this border. The notion will be used to clarify how this superficially unjustifiable comparison indicates that the Administrative Boundary Line is both shaped by and restructuring the regional geography of Europe. The invocation of the Berlin Wall emphasizes that this material fencing divides Georgia. The effects of its deployment are felt at various scales, from how this boundary is seen as an illegitimate division of sovereign Georgian territory, to its role in constructing Europe’s outer edge. The geographical and temporal division of Tbilisi-controlled Georgia from what lies on the other side of the “illegal” boundary works to incorporate Georgia firmly within Europe. This discursive construction at Europe’s outer edge also indicates both the importance of border processes occurring at the margins of a regional geographic entity and how the local, national and wider regional scales are able to be tied together within Europe’s post-Cold War borders

Cool tropical temperatures shift the global δ18O-T relationship: An explanation for the ice core δ18O- borehole thermometry conflict?

The discrepancy between central Greenland borehole temperatures and the isotopic composition of Last Glacial Maximum ice can be explained by a shift in the δ[superscript 18]O-T relationship for the hydrological cycle linked to cooler tropical temperatures. This concept is illustrated using a simple Rayleigh distillation model. An estimate for α=Δδ[superscript 18] O/ΔT (LGM-Holocene) of −0.37 ‰/°C is determined with a simple graphical technique.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant OCE9402198)United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Grant NA46GP0282

Roguish Rosie Ray

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/6314/thumbnail.jp

The marine geochemistry of trace metals

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution April, 1976The marine geochemical cycles of iron, copper, nickel, and cadmium were studied in order to provide a basis for oceanographic models for trace metals. Copper, nickel, and cadmium can be determined in a 100 ml seawater sample using cobalt pyrrolidine dithioacarbamate chelate coprecipitation and graphite atomizer atomic absorption spectrometry. Concentration ranges likely to be encountered and estimated (1δ) analytical precisions are copper, 1 to 6 nanomole/kg (±0.1); nickel, 3 to 12 nanomole/kg (±0.3); and cadmium, 0. 0 to 1.1 nanomole/kg (±0.1). The technique may be applied to freshwater samples with slight modification. A survey of several east coast U. S. estuaries established that an iron removal process occurs commonly when rivers mix with seawater. Laboratory mixing experiments using water from the Merrimack River (Mass.) and the Mullica River (New Jersey) demonstrated that rapid iron precipitation occurs as negatively-charged iron-organic colloids react with seawater cations and coagulate. This phenomenom was modeled using a synthetic, organic-stabilized colloidal suspension of goethite. The generality of the mechanism suggests that the world-average net river input of iron to the oceans is less than 1 μmole/kg of river water, an order of magnitude below previous estimates. Profiles of cadmium were obtained for 3 GEOSECS stations in the Pacific Ocean. Cadmium shows a consistent linear correlation with phosphate which demonstrates that cadmium is regenerated in a shallow cycle within the water column. The water column correlation is consistent with data on cadmium in marine organisms. Cadmium is enriched in upwelling regions which explains reports of cadmium enrichment in plankton from the Baja California upwelling region. Copper and nickel measurements have been made for three profiles from the Pacific Ocean. Observed copper concentrations range from 1 to 6 nanomole/kg; nickel varies from 3 to 12 nanomole/kg. Copper and nickel are removed from surface waters by uptake into organisms. As noted previously, nickel is regenerated partially in a shallow cycle (like P) and also in a deep cycle (like Ba). Copper is regenerated from biological debris at the bottom but is also scavenged from the mid and deep water column by an undetermined mechanism. The scavenging residence time is 1400 years. An estimate for the continental input of Ni, 7 nanomole/kg of river water, and Cu, 18 nanomole/kg of river water, was derived from measurements in the Amazon estuary. The oceanic residence times for nickel and copper are about 10,000 years. Evidence available on the uptake laws for trace metals by plankton suggests that a consistent relationship between the uptake law and the depth of regeneration may apply.Money in support of this research came at various times from the ONR, MIT UROP office, and a grant from the Doherty Foundation