The endocrine control of egg production in poultry

(i) Yellow yolky ovarian follicles were shown to be an impor­tant, though not the sole source of progesterone in laying birds. Levels of progesterone and LH in the plasma were directly relat­ed to the extent of ovarian follicular development. However, during the brooding period an increase in plasma LH levels is not associated with an immediate increase in plasma progesterone levels.(ii) The largest, mature, yellow yolky follicle seems to produce more progesterone than smaller follicles and progester­one from this source may be largely responsible for the pre­-ovulatory increase in plasma progesterone levels.(iii) A combination of a diurnal increase in plasma LH levels and other changes in plasma concentrations of other hormones (possibly androgens or prolactin) was suggested to initiate progesterone secretion by the mature, pre-ovulatory ovarian follicle. Increased progesterone secretion triggers the pre­-ovulatory increase Of LH acting via a positive feedback system which has an important neural component.(iv) Hens were observed to lay shorter sequences of eggs as they become older, but as the times of lay of first and last eggs of a sequence did not vary with age, shorter sequences were not due to a shortened 'open period' of the ovulatory cycle. The higher rate of lay of modern egg-type strains compared to strains used over twenty years ago cannot be explained by differences in the times of lay or lag within a sequence. Times of lay and lag were identical in both types of hen.(v) An age-dependent shortening of sequence length was observed in three different strains of hen (Ross I broiler breeder; Ross Ranger mid-weight egg layer; Babcock B300 lightweight egg layer) with markedly different egg production rates. It was suggested that this may result from an increase in the time taken for successive follicles to reach an ovulable condition.The ovulable condition, or the maturity of the follicle was thought to be related to its capacity to secrete, and sustain secretion of large amounts of progesterone sufficient to activate the positive feedback mechanism controlling LH release. This maturity was independent of the size of the follicle and the amount of yolk it contained.(vi) A further cause of declining egg production with age in all three strains studied was the occurrence of short breaks in laying of 2-7 days. These breaks may have been due to undetected soft-shelled eggs, internal ovulation or occasional follicular atresia. Longer breaks in laying, of the order of 28 days, were an important source of lost production in the broiler breeder and mid-weight egg laying strains. The relatively early incidence of long breaks in broiler breeders may account for the poor overall egg production of these hens.(vii) The pattern of LH levels in growing hens was different in all three strains. All strains showed a pre-pubertal peak of LH associated with the development of the progesterone positive feedback mechanism, but this occurred at a different time in each strain relative to the onset of lay. The mean plasma LH levels.were higher in developing Ranger than Ross I or Bab­cock hens. Rising plasma progesterone titres were associated with the onset of lay, but they were not associated with the decline in plasma LH titres from peak pre-pubertal values. It was suggested that the pattern of pre-pubertal LH secretion, by affecting early ovarian follicular development, may have a bearing on subsequent egg laying performance.(viii) The basal progesterone and LH plasma levels during the first laying year differed in the three strains. Furthermore, the fluctuating basal hormone levels did not correlate with each other, nor could basal hormone levels be correlated with egg production in any way. It was suggested that basal levels of gonadotrophins may regulate the incidence of follicular atresia.(ix) The morfhology of the ovaries of broiler breeder and egg laying type hens are similar and age-related changes in the ovarian follicular hierarchy are seen in both strains. Foll­icles grow to a larger size in old birds before they ovulate, but this may only have a minor effect on egg production rates. Abnormal, irregular laying patterns seen in old hens were not the result of abnormal, irregular follicular hierarchies

Report by Wilkinson, Boyden, Cragun, and Barker on the Status of the Fort Berthold Claims, June 22, 1953

This report, dated June 22, 1953, by the firm of Wilkinson, Boyden, Cragun, and Barker to the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation concerns the status of the reservation\u27s claims before the Indian Claims Commission. The report outlines the status of a claim under review by the Commission, noting that the Commission may refer to the Blackfeet case from December 17, 1952 once it comes out of the appeal process. The report also summarizes the Fort Berthold Reservation\u27s claim, which states that the Tribes should have the right to sue for damages based on the delay between the time their lands were taken and the date of they payment. The report also summarizes the argument as it relates to the Indian Claims Commission Act, predicting that the Blackfeet appeal will be concluded during the fall of 1953 and the commission will update Fort Berthold at that time. See also: Report to the Three Affiliated Tribes Regarding the Fort Berthold Claims, January 12, 1954https://commons.und.edu/burdick-papers/1020/thumbnail.jp

Photospheric Velocities Measured at Mt. Wilson Show Zonal and Sectoral Flows Compose the Torsional Oscillations

The methods for reducing the observations from the 150-foot Tower Telescope on Mt.~Wilson are reviewed and a new method for determining the North/South (sectoral) and the East/West (zonal) velocity components is described and applied. Due to a calibration problem with the data prior to 1983, only observations between 1983 and 2013 are presented at this time. After subtraction of latitude dependent averages over the 30-year period of observation the residual deviations in the sectoral and zonal flow velocities are well synchronized and correspond to what is widely recognized as the Torsional Oscillations. Both flow components need to be included in any model that replicates the Torsional Oscillations.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Submitted to Solar Physics 7/12/202

Federalism: Deference Meets Delegation: Which Is the Most Dangerous Branch

The following is a transcript of a 2016 Federalist Society panel entitled Federalism: Deference Meets Delegation: Which is the Most Dangerous Branch? The panel originally occurred on November 12, 2015, during the National Lawyers Convention in Washington, D.C. The panelists were: C. Boyden Gray, Attorney at Boyden, Gray and Associates and former U.S. Ambassador to the European Union; David B. Rivkin Jr., Partner at BakerHostetler; Neal K. Katyal, Attorney at Hogan Lovells and former acting U.S. Solicitor General; and John C. Eastman, Henry Salvatori Professor of Law & Community Service at Chapman University School of Law. The moderator was the Honorable Judge Brett Kavanaugh of the U.S. Court of Appeals, D.C. Circuit

Isolating Dust and Free-Free Emission in ONC Proplyds with ALMA Band 3 Observations

The Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) hosts protoplanetary disks experiencing external photoevaporation by the cluster's intense UV field. These ``proplyds" are comprised of a disk surrounded by an ionization front. We present ALMA Band 3 (3.1 mm) continuum observations of 12 proplyds. Thermal emission from the dust disks and free-free emission from the ionization fronts are both detected, and the high-resolution (0.057") of the observations allows us to spatially isolate these two components. The morphology is unique compared to images at shorter (sub)millimeter wavelengths, which only detect the disks, and images at longer centimeter wavelengths, which only detect the ionization fronts. The disks are small ($r_d$ = 6.4--38 au), likely due to truncation by ongoing photoevaporation. They have low spectral indices ($\alpha \lesssim 2.1$) measured between Bands 7 and 3, suggesting the dust emission is optically thick. They harbor tens of Earth masses of dust as computed from the millimeter flux using the standard method, although their true masses may be larger due to the high optical depth. We derive their photoevaporative mass-loss rates in two ways: first, by invoking ionization equilibrium, and second using the brightness of the free-free emission to compute the density of the outflow. We find decent agreement between these measurements and $\dot M$ = 0.6--18.4 $\times$ 10$^{-7}$ $M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. The photoevaporation timescales are generally shorter than the $\sim$1 Myr age of the ONC, underscoring the known ``proplyd lifetime problem." Disk masses that are underestimated due to being optically thick remains one explanation to ease this discrepancy.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Voltage-gated Nav channel targeting in the heart requires an ankyrin-G–dependent cellular pathway

Voltage-gated Nav channels are required for normal electrical activity in neurons, skeletal muscle, and cardiomyocytes. In the heart, Nav1.5 is the predominant Nav channel, and Nav1.5-dependent activity regulates rapid upstroke of the cardiac action potential. Nav1.5 activity requires precise localization at specialized cardiomyocyte membrane domains. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Nav channel trafficking in the heart are unknown. In this paper, we demonstrate that ankyrin-G is required for Nav1.5 targeting in the heart. Cardiomyocytes with reduced ankyrin-G display reduced Nav1.5 expression, abnormal Nav1.5 membrane targeting, and reduced Na+ channel current density. We define the structural requirements on ankyrin-G for Nav1.5 interactions and demonstrate that loss of Nav1.5 targeting is caused by the loss of direct Nav1.5–ankyrin-G interaction. These data are the first report of a cellular pathway required for Nav channel trafficking in the heart and suggest that ankyrin-G is critical for cardiac depolarization and Nav channel organization in multiple excitable tissues

Moyo Vol. III N 1

Boyden, John and Rich Vanderklok. Are You a $nob? . 2. Herman, James. River Phoenix: A Final Conversation . 4. Blake, Ben. Arbor Vitae Victories: Other Crafty Everyday Uses For Those Inconspicuous Little Trees . 9. Fischesser, S. Separate But Unequal: A View of Denison\u27s Black Orientation . 10. Gilmore, Seth. Evil Upheaval: The Reforming of Organized Religion... in Granville .; Boyden, John. “Reaching Out & Talking Dirty (When Touching Turns to Touch Tones)”. 20. Vanderklok, Rich. Gen-X Angst . 24. Driscoll, Julie. Bang! Thump (Getting A Taste For The Meat Processing Industry). 25. Stillman, Lisa. The Bare Facts: An Exposé on Public Nudity . 26. Endicott, Josh. Frames . 29. Emmons, Alex. Frames . 29. Emmons, Alex. Untitled. 11. Bussan, Dave. Bull Session With a Former Editor On Denison\u27s Sacred Cow . 30. Webb, Aaron. Color Blind: From Diversity Adversity to Racial Rapport . 33. Archer, Troy Color Blind: From Diversity Adversity to Racial Rapport . 33

Moyo Vol. II N 1

Herman, James and Editors Dirty Devils: Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the Wingless Angels (But Were Afraid to Ask) . 2. Cockrell, Kim. Pride and Prejudice . 4. Vanderklok, Rich. Just Say yes . 6. Timura, Chris. The War on Art in America . 8. Yong, Kok. I Was Censored . 9 Messinger, Rob. Speaking Out With A Gay Grad . 12. Fuller, Amanda. Advice From An Activist . 14. Bowers, Craig. Fighting For The Right To Party . 16. Dempsey, Erin. Sisters Are Doin\u27 It For Themselves . 18. Short, Peter. A Tale of Two Cities . 20. Fuller, Amanda. 16 Credits & Kids . 21. Bristow, Vernell. Pill of Potential . 22. Boyden, John. Letter From London . 23. Berryberry, Jil. Life After Denison: The Job Hunt \u2790s Style is An Exercise in Degradation Raised to Absurd Levels . 24 Mctygue, Matt. The Wingless Angels Attack the Homestead . 29

Moyo Vol. I N 1

JDB, Greek to Me . 1. Hood, Richard. Hood Advocates Off-Campus Living . 3. Rinehart, Dawn. Beta Press Biggio on Plan B . 10. Boyden, Ode on a Grecian Turn: An Interview with President Michele T. Myers . 6. Rogers, Kirstin. The Social Auction . 11. Bosari, David. Bosari on Brotherhood . 13. Mason, Amy. A Pledge in a Sea of Screaming Girls . 13. Kruse, Kristina. Kruse, Urges Thinking Hard . 14. O\u27Hare, Kimberly. Never Uncertain . 15. Howard, Tressie. D.U.\u27s New Face from Bucknell . 15. Pryor, Derrick. AΦA: A Fraternity of a Different Color . 16. Norpell, Bradley F. The Year of 1950: Looking Back on Fraternity Life . 18. Rogers, Kirstin. Freshman Lambert Co-Authors Book . 19. Bergstrom, Ida. Defending the System . 20. Bristow, Vernall. Meding D.U.\u27s Broken Reputation . 20

Regulatory Improvement Legislation: Risk Assessment, Cost-Benefit Analysis, and Judicial Review

As the number, cost, and complexity of federal regulations have grown over the past twenty years, there has been growing interest in the use of analytic tools such as risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis to improve the regulatory process. The application of these tools to public health, safety, and environmental problems has become commonplace in the peer-reviewed scientific and medical literatures. Recent studies prepared by Resources for the Future, the American Enterprise Institute, the Brookings Institution, and the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis have demonstrated how formal analyses can and often do help government agencies achieve more protection against hazards at less cost than would otherwise occur. Although analytic tools hold great promise, their use by federal agencies is neither consistent nor rigorous. The 103rd, 104th, 105th and 106th Congresses demonstrated sustained interest in the passage of comprehensive legislation governing the employment of these tools in the federal regulatory process. While legislative proposals on this issue have attracted significant bipartisan interest, and recent amendments to particular enabling statutes have incorporated some of these analytical requirements, no comprehensive legislation has been enacted into law since passage of the Administrative Procedure Act in 1946. The inability to pass such legislation has been attributed to a variety of factors, but a common substantive concern has been uncertainty and controversy about how such legislation should address judicial review issues. For example, the judicial review portion of The Regulatory Improvement Act (S. 981), the 105th Congress\u27s major legislative initiative, was criticized simultaneously as meaningless (for allegedly offering too few opportunities for petitioners to challenge poorly reasoned agency rules) and dangerous (as supposedly enabling petitioners to paralyze even well-reasoned agency rules). Thus, a significant obstacle to regulatory improvement legislation appears to be the conflicting opinions among legal scholars and practitioners about how judicial review issues should be addressed in such legislation. The Clinton Administration and the authors of S. 981 believe they have crafted a workable compromise, one that accommodates the need to bring more rigor and transparency to an agency\u27s decisional processes without imposing excessive judicial review. Nevertheless, it is clear that their agreement on this subject, if included in future legislative deliberations, will be scrutinized and contested. Recognizing the importance of the judicial review issue to this and, indeed, any effort to improve the regulatory process, the Center for Risk Analysis at the Harvard School of Public Health convened an invitational Workshop of accomplished legal practitioners and scholars to discuss how judicial review should be handled in legislation of this kind. The full-day Workshop was conducted in Washington, D.C. on December 17, 1998. Its purpose was to discuss principles, experiences, and insights that might inform future public debate about how judicial review should be addressed in legislative proposals that entail use of risk assessment and/or cost-benefit analysis in agency decision-making (whether the proposals are comprehensive or agency-specific). In order to provide the Workshop a practical focus, participants analyzed the provisions of S. 981 (as modified at the request of the Clinton Administration). An exchange of letters between S. 981\u27s chief sponsors and the Clinton Administration defining the terms of the agreement was examined as well. This Report highlights the themes of the Workshop discussion and offers some specific commentary on how proposed legislation (including but not limited to S. 981) could be improved in future legislative deliberations