Protocol: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of fetal and infantile environmental exposure in etiopathogenesis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is one of the hallmark pediatric surgical diseases. However, its etiology remains incompletely understood. By systematically reviewing the literature, we aim to clarify the effect of the effect of occupational and environmental factors and role of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in the etiopathogenesis of IHPS. The systematic review is drafted with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement (PRISMA) and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE). Systematic literature search will be performed for the period 2000 (Jan) to 2020 (Dec) in the databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed. The systematic search will cover the literature in English and Turkish language and will be limited to studies on human subjects. Four investigators will independently search the databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed) according to the defined search strategy. The full-text of the selected articles will be screened independently by four reviewers, against the inclusion criteria. Descriptive data will be extracted from each study regarding: study details, methods, participants, outcomes and calculations of association for potential further statistical analysis. If meta-analysis could not be undertaken, systematic approach to analyzing the findings of included multiple studies will be described. Heterogeneity will be assessed by quantifying the inconsistency across studies using I2 statistic. Statistical analysis will be performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.0 software. The p values lower than 0.05 will be considered statistically significant for all analyses

A Comment on the Pulmonary Contusion Model Reply

Soyer, Tutku/0000-0003-1505-6042WOS: 000384412600015PubMed: 25785764

Selective inhibition of nitric oxide synthase causes increased muscle thickness in rat esophagus

Soyer, Tutku/0000-0003-1505-6042WOS: 000360120200007PubMed: 25783303Aim: Achalasia is a primary motor dysfunction of esophagus which can be created experimentally by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition. Although several theories have been suggested, mechanism of increased esophageal muscle thickness in achalasia is still unclear. An experimental study was performed to evaluate the esophageal muscle thickness after selective inhibition of NOS in rats. Materials and methods: Wistar albino rats (n = 18) weighing 150-200 g of both sexes were included in the study. After anesthetization with ketamine hydrochloride, esophageal body and distal esophagus were sampled in control group (CG, n = 6). In sham group (SG, n = 6), intraperitoneal saline (1 ml) injection was performed for 21 days. L-NAME (L-nitroarginin metyl ester, selective inhibitor of NOS) group (LNAMEG, n = 6) received 100 mg/kg/d L-NAME intraperitoneally for 21 days. The esophageal body and distal esophagus were removed for histopathological analysis in each group. All samples were evaluated for total and circular muscle thickness with hemotoxylene-eosine (HE) staining. Results: None of the samples showed pathologic finding in esophageal mucosa. There was no difference between CG and SG for total and circular muscle thickness in esophageal body and distal esophagus. LNAMEG had higher median levels of both total and circular muscle thickness than CG and SG in esophageal body (P < 0.05). However, in distal esophageal segments, only total muscle thickness was statistically higher in LNAMEG than CG and SG (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Selective inhibition of NOS causes increased total smooth muscle thickness in esophageal body and distal esophagus. However, this effect could not detected in circular muscle in the distal esophagus. We suggest that NOS inhbition not only increases esophageal peristalsis but also causes muscle hypertrophy in esophagus. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Colonic lithobezoar: a rare cause of partial intestinal obstruction

Albayrak, Meryem/0000-0003-2711-5150; Soyer, Tutku/0000-0003-1505-6042WOS: 000341411500018PubMed: 23692843Bezoar is the accumulation of indigestible foreign substances in the digestive tract and a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in children. The accumulation of stones within the digestive system is called lithobezoar, and the colon is the rarest site for accumulation. A 13-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with colicky abdominal pain and constipation. She had been unable to pass her stool for the last six days and had passed stones-containing stools previously. She had a history of pica and iron-deficient anemia. The case is presented to discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic features of partial colonic obstruction secondary to colonic lithobezoar accumulation

Scrotal pearl is not always a sign of anorectal malformation: median raphe cyst

Soyer, Tutku/0000-0003-1505-6042WOS: 000341415700020PubMed: 24577992Pearls of meconium can be seen on the raphe of the scrotum and are considered as a sign of anorectal malformation (ARM). Scrotal pearls without ARM are rare in children and designated as median raphe cyst of the scrotum (MRC). A six-month-old boy with scrotal pearls without ARM is presented to discuss the clinical features and treatment modalities of MRC in infants

Results of Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance pH Metry in Symptomathic Children with Normal pH Metry Findings

Soyer, Tutku/0000-0003-1505-6042WOS: 000346905500013PubMed: 24000129AimA retrospective study was performed to evaluate the results of multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) pH metry in symptomatic children with normal pH monitoring (PM) findings. Patients and MethodsChildren who have reflux index (RI) less than 4% in PM and recurrent symptoms were included. All children underwent MII. Children who received antireflux treatment with normal PM findings were excluded from the study. MII results were evaluated for RI, content of reflux (acid, weak acid, and alkaline) number and type of impedance events, esophageal bolus clearance time and proximal extent of reflux (PER). ResultsEight patients (age range: 5-13 years) were included to the study. The male female ratio was 5:3. The recurrent symptoms were related with gastrointestinal (n=5) and upper respiratory system (n=3). One of the patients was operated for esophageal atresia and one was followed for corrosive esophageal disease. Four of the patients had RI higher than 4% in MII. Patients with normal RI in MII, had weak acid reflux (n: 1), alkaline reflux (n=1) and no reflux (n=2). When number of impedance events evaluated, four patients had abnormal reflux episodes (70 or more reflux episodes). Impedance event recordings were correlated in 75% of PM findings. The content of impedance events were mixed and gas in nature. Prolonged esophageal clearance time and PER were detected in patients with chest pain and operated esophageal atresia. ConclusionMII can be considered as a superior diagnostic tool to detect weak acid and alkaline reflux in patients who had recurrent symptoms with normal PM studies. MII also provides information about bolus clearance time and extent of reflux

Amylase/creatinine clearance ratio in diabetic ketoacidosis: a case report

WOS: 000345022900035PubMed: 25153214Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) accompanies any other intra-abdominal pathology. Serum amylase/lipase levels are commonly used in order to rule out acute pancreatitis in patients having abdominal pain in DKA. A more specific and noninvasive diagnostic tool - amylase/creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR) - can be used to rule out pancreatitis in patients with DKA. A 14-year-old girl was admitted with abdominal pain and nausea. She had been followed up for type 1 diabetes mellitus for the last 5 years. The serum amylase levels were increased up to 687 U/L (normal: 28-120 U/L) on the third day of hospitalization. Simultaneous serum and urinary amylase concentrations were measured, and ACCR was calculated (1.2%). The diagnosis of pancreatitis was ruled out. The serum amylase levels decreased in the following days, and she was discharged. ACCR determination is a simple and specific test to diagnose pancreatitis, especially in patients with DKA

The effect of platelet rich fibrin on growth factor levels in urethral repair

Bayram, Cem/0000-0001-8717-4668; Soyer, Tutku/0000-0003-1505-6042WOS: 000327938200031PubMed: 24314201Aim: Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous source of growth factors and promotes wound healing. An experimental study was performed to evaluate the effect of PRF on growth factor levels in urethral repair. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Wistar albino rats were included in the study. Rats were allocated in three groups (n:6): control (CG), sham (SG), and PRF (PRFG). In SG, a 5 mm vertical incision was performed in the penile urethra and repaired with 10/0 Vicryl (R) under a microscope. In PRFG, during the urethral repair as described in SG, 1 cc of blood was sampled from each rat and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2400 rpm. PRF obtained from the centrifugation was placed on the repair site during closure. Penile urethras were sampled 24 hours after PRF application in PRFG and after urethral repair in SG. Transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beta-R-CD105), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGF-R), as well as endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), were evaluated in subepithelia of the penile skin and urethra. Groups were compared for growth factor levels and growth factor receptor expression with the Kruskal Wallis test. Results: TGF-beta-R levels were significantly decreased in SG when compared to CG (p 0.05). Conclusion: Use of PRF after urethral repair increases TGF-beta-R and VEGF expressions in urethral tissue. PRF can be considered as an alternative measure to improve the success of urethral repair. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Kirikkale University Scientific CouncilKirikkale UniversityThis study is presented in 30th Congress of Turkish Pediatric Surgeons, in 2012, Ankara, Turkey and supported by Kirikkale University Scientific Council. Special thanks to Serkan Sahinoglu, MD for his kind contribution to review the English of the manuscript

Intravital microscopic evaluation of cremasteric microcirculation in experimental testicular torsion

Soyer, Tutku/0000-0003-1505-6042WOS: 000327254400051PubMed: 23375616Aim: Although absent cremasteric reflex is a significant clinical finding for testicular torsion (TT), there is limited information about microcirculation of the cremasteric muscle (CM) after TT. This experimental study was performed to evaluate CM microcirculation by intravital microscopy after TT. Materials and methods: Twelve Wistar rats were allocated into two equal groups: control (CG) and torsion (TG). After anesthetization of the CG rats, the CM flap was dissected through a left ventral inguinal incision with its vascular pedicle. In TG rats, TT was performed by rotating left testicles 720 degrees in clockwise direction for 1 h. Then, the CM flap was dissected as in CG, and was placed under an intravital microscope. Vessel diameters, functional capillary perfusion and leukocyte activation in post-capillary venules were measured and evaluated statistically. Results: There was a significant decrease in vessel diameter in TG compared to CG (p < 0.05). The median of perfused capillaries in CG and TG was 13 (11.75-14.30) and 5.5 (4.75-7.25), respectively (p < 0.05). Number of granulocytes (rolling, sticking, transmigrated) was greater in TG than CG (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Intravital microscopic evaluation of CM after TT showed decrease in vessel diameter and number of perfused capillaries, and increase in granulocyte activation. Clinical, electrophysiological alterations in CM after TT can be explained by deterioration of microcirculation of CM. (C) 2013 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Investigation of the effects of enteral hormones on the pyloric muscle in newborn rats

Soyer, Tutku/0000-0003-1505-6042WOS: 000350825200009PubMed: 25746698Purpose: To investigate the effects of enteral hormones on pyloric muscle in order to clarify the etiopathogenesis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). Methods: Forty-two newborn Wistar-Albino rats were included. No intervention was done in the control group (CG, n = 6). In the sham group (SG, n = 6) 1 ml saline (0.9% NaCl solution), in the Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) group (LNG, n = 6) 100 mg/kg/d L-NAME, in the somatostatin group (STG, n = 6) 7 mcg/kg/d ST, in the cholecystokinin group (CCKG, n = 6) 3 mcg/kg/d CCK, in the substance P group (SPG, n = 6) 5 ml/kg/d SP, and in the prostaglandin-E1 group (PGE1G, n = 6) a cumulative dose of 360 mcg/kg PGE1 was given intraperitoneally for 14 days. On the 21st day, histopathological examination and muscle thickness measurements were done. Results were evaluated statistically. Results: Total and circular pyloric muscle thicknesses were significantly increased in the LNG compared to the CG and SG (p 0.05). In the PGE1G, muscle thickness was significantly decreased in the pylorus and increased in the antrum compared to the CG and SG (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition with L-NAME seems to be a causative factor in HPS by increasing pyloric muscle thickness. PGE predominantly affects antral gastric muscle and has no profound effect on pyloric muscle. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Kirikkale University Scientific Research CouncilKirikkale University [2013/61]This study was supported by Kirikkale University Scientific Research Council (2013/61). Special thanks go to Mrs. Corrine Can for her kind contribution to the English revision of the manuscript