Small-Scale Vertical Movements of Summer Flounder Relative to Diurnal, Tidal, and Temperature Changes

Observation of animal movements on small spatial scales provides a means to understand how large-scale species distributions are established from individual behavioral decisions. Small-scale vertical movements of 14 Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus residing in Chesapeake Bay were observed by using depth data collected with archival tags. A generalized linear mixed model was employed to examine the relationship between these vertical movements and environmental covariates such as tidal state, time of day, lunar phase, and temperature. Vertical movements increased with warming water temperatures, and this pattern was most apparent at night and during rising and falling tides. Fish generally exhibited greater vertical movements at night, but the difference between vertical movements in the day and those at night decreased as fish increased in size. Results from this study fill a void in understanding the small-scale movements of Summer Flounder and could be incorporated into individual-based models to investigate how species distributions develop in response to environmental conditions

Is American Public Administration Detached From Historical Context?: On the Nature of Time and the Need to Understand It in Government and Its Study

The study of public administration pays little attention to history. Most publications are focused on current problems (the present) and desired solutions (the future) and are concerned mainly with organizational structure (a substantive issue) and output targets (an aggregative issue that involves measures of both individual performance and organizational productivity/services). There is much less consideration of how public administration (i.e., organization, policy, the study, etc.) unfolds over time. History, and so administrative history, is regarded as a “past” that can be recorded for its own sake but has little relevance to contemporary challenges. This view of history is the product of a diminished and anemic sense of time, resulting from organizing the past as a series of events that inexorably lead up to the present in a linear fashion. To improve the understanding of government’s role and position in society, public administration scholarship needs to reacquaint itself with the nature of time.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Derivative-Free Pattern Search Methods for Multidisciplinary Design Problems

There have been interesting recent developments in methods for solving optimization problems without making use of derivative (sensitivity) information. While calculus based methods that employ derivative information can be extremely efficient and very effective, they are not applicable to all MDO problems, for instance, when the function to be optimized is nondifferentiable, when sensitivity information is not available or is not reliable, or when the function values are inaccurate. In these settings, we have found that the multidirectional search method, a derivatefree method we have developed for solving nonlinear optimization problems, can be used effectively. Our analysis of the multidirectional search algorithm has led us to discover that its algebraic structure and resulting convergence theory can be related to an entire class of derivative-free methods, which we now call pattern search methods, that have been in use for decades. The goal of this paper is to give an introduction..

COMPUTING MARGINAL EFFECTS IN THE BOX-COX MODEL

This paper considers computation of fitted values and marginal effects in the Box-Cox regression model. Two methods, 1 the “smearing” technique suggested by Duan (see Ref. [10]) and 2 direct numerical integration, are examined and compared with the “naive” method often used in econometrics.Marginal effects, Box-Cox model, JEL Classification : C13, C21,