Does it matter where immigrants work? Traded goods, non-traded goods, and sector specific employment

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Intersectional and Global Perspectives

A section of a Special Issue of the Journal of International Women’s Studies dedicated to pioneering Black Lesbian Feminist scholar, activist, artist, teacher Angela Bowen, Ph.D. (1936-2018.) The special issue contains sample materials from Bowen’s archive, which will be housed at Spelman College, including writings, audio and video of speeches, and photos documenting her career as a dancer, her friendship with and scholarship on Audre Lorde, her activism on Black lesbian and gay issues, and her career in Women’s Studies, among other topics. This section focuses on the intersectional and global aspects of Bowen’s activism, organizing and scholarship including writing and speeches that range from connecting racial justice issues to LGBT issues to Black lesbians and reproductive rights. This section contains a rare signed early draft of Audre Lorde’s poem “Women on Trains,” dedicated to Bowen and M. Jacqui Alexander

Does IT matter where immigrants work? Traded goods, non-traded goods, and sector specific employment

Immigrant employment often concentrates in non-traded goods sectors and many immigrants have low inter-sectoral mobility. We consider these observed characteristics of immigrant employment for the question of how immigration affects a nation's pattern of production and trade. We model an economy producing three goods, one is non-traded. Domestic labor and capital are domestically mobile but internationally immobile. Some immigrant labor is specific to the non-traded sector. Our model indicates that the output and trade effects of immigration depend importantly on the sector and nature of immigrant employment. Empirical investigation of the model's predictions indicates that trade and immigration are complements. JEL classification: C23, D5, F16, F22, J61, O15 Keywords: trade, immigration, non-traded goods, specific factors, panel

Audre Lorde: Influence, Sisterhood, Legacy

A section of a Special Issue of the Journal of International Women’s Studies dedicated to pioneering Black Lesbian Feminist scholar, activist, artist, teacher Angela Bowen, Ph.D. (1936-2018.) The special issue contains sample materials from Bowen’s archive, which will be housed at Spelman College, including writings, audio and video of speeches, and photos documenting her career as a dancer, her activism on Black lesbian and gay issues, and her career in Women’s Studies, among other topics. This section focuses on her friendship and scholarship on Audre Lorde, including the historic 1990 “I Am Your Sister” conference and her scholarly publications on Lorde’s poetry and political significance

Intelligence and Attractiveness: Do Better Grades Cause and Assumption of Attractiveness?

A study in 1978 discovered that teachers tended to favor more attractive students when evaluating their academic work. (Demeis & Turner, 1978.). In the United States, attractiveness is positively correlated with intelligence. (r=.126) (Kanizawa, 2011) Another study indicated that the actual quality of academic work is not necessarily linked to the grade given on the assignment. (Begany, et al. 2008) Are college students likely to assume attractiveness based on the quality of academic work? Would a letter grade of varying quality on the paper affect this assumption? Our hypothesis was that participants would more frequently indicate an attractive student as the author of a high quality essay, regardless of letter grade, and vice versa with an unattractive student and an essay of lesser quality

Medication management and practices in prison for people with mental health problems: a qualitative study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Common mental health problems are prevalent in prison and the quality of prison health care provision for prisoners with mental health problems has been a focus of critical scrutiny. Currently, health policy aims to align and integrate prison health services and practices with those of the National Health Service (NHS). Medication management is a key aspect of treatment for patients with a mental health problem. The medication practices of patients and staff are therefore a key marker of the extent to which the health practices in prison settings equate with those of the NHS. The research reported here considers the influences on medication management during the early stages of custody and the impact it has on prisoners.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study employed a qualitative design incorporating semi-structured interviews with 39 prisoners and 71 staff at 4 prisons. Participant observation was carried out in key internal prison locations relevant to the management of vulnerable prisoners to support and inform the interview process. Thematic analysis of the interview data and interpretation of the observational field-notes were undertaken manually. Emergent themes included the impact that delays, changes to or the removal of medication have on prisoners on entry to prison, and the reasons that such events take place.</p> <p>Results and Discussion</p> <p>Inmates accounts suggested that psychotropic medication was found a key and valued form of support for people with mental health problems entering custody. Existing regimes of medication and the autonomy to self-medicate established in the community are disrupted and curtailed by the dominant practices and prison routines for the taking of prescribed medication. The continuity of mental health care is undermined by the removal or alteration of existing medication practice and changes on entry to prison which exacerbate prisoners' anxiety and sense of helplessness. Prisoners with a dual diagnosis are likely to be doubly vulnerable because of inconsistencies in substance withdrawal management.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Changes to medication management which accompany entry to prison appear to contribute to poor relationships with prison health staff, disrupts established self-medication practices, discourages patients from taking greater responsibility for their own conditions and detrimentally affects the mental health of many prisoners at a time when they are most vulnerable. Such practices are likely to inhibit the integration and normalisation of mental health management protocols in prison as compared with those operating in the wider community and may hinder progress towards improving the standard of mental health care available to prisoners suffering from mental disorder.</p

Impact of Dissolved Organic Matter Photodegradation on Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Freshwaters

Freshwaters emit comparable amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere as the net amount taken up by all land on Earth. The degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to CO2 impacts these emissions from freshwaters, making the fate of DOM a critical component of the global carbon (C) cycle. Yet, controls on DOM degradation remain too poorly understood to quantify how much CO2 will be emitted from freshwaters as our planet warms. The sunlight-driven or photochemical degradation of DOM can impact freshwater CO2 emissions by producing CO2 or altering DOM to forms that are more or less labile to bacterial respiration to CO2. Photodegradation of DOM can also produce ammonium (NH4+), providing a source of nitrogen (N) to the primary producers carrying out photosynthetic uptake of CO2 in freshwaters. Here, chemical controls on these three photodegradation pathways were investigated and their impacts on C and N cycles were assessed in arctic and temperate freshwaters. First, the photochemical production of NH4+ from DOM was investigated as a source of inorganic N to oligotrophic, arctic lakes. NH4+ was produced during the photodegradation of protein-like compounds within DOM, but rates of NH4+ photo-production were limited by the availability of protein-like compounds because they were also degraded by bacteria in the water column. The NH4+ photo-produced could account for ~5% of the N taken up by primary producers in arctic lakes, suppling N at rates comparable to the export of inorganic N from land to streams and streams to lakes. These findings demonstrate how the photodegradation of DOM creates a strong linkage between land and freshwater N cycling. Second, the impact of thawing permafrost soils on freshwater CO2 emissions was determined by showing that millennia-aged DOM from arctic permafrost is rapidly photodegraded to CO2. Dissolved iron was identified as a major control on this photo-production of CO2 from permafrost DOM because it catalyzed the photo-decarboxylation of terrestrially-derived compounds to CO2. Rates of CO2 photo-production from permafrost DOM were two-fold higher than rates from DOM currently draining from thawed surface soils to arctic freshwaters. These findings demonstrate that more DOM will be photodegraded to CO2 as deeper permafrost soils thaw and deliver DOM to freshwaters in proportion to the amount of dissolved iron present. Lastly, the effect of photodegradation on the amount of DOM respired by bacteria in the streambed to CO2 was studied in a temperate stream. This effect of sunlight exposure depended strongly on the photodegradation rate and which compounds were photo-produced. For instance, photodegradation rates were fast enough to impact the respiration of terrestrially-derived compounds that take longer for bacteria to respire in the streambed. Photodegradation increased the respiration of terrestrially-derived compounds by breaking down higher molecular weight aromatic compounds and decreased their respiration by altering them to less labile forms. The balance of these DOM compounds photo-produced resulted in positive effects of sunlight on respiration after short exposures and negative effects after longer exposures. Given that only minutes to hours of sunlight exposure in the stream were needed to change bacterial respiration by ~50%, these findings indicate that photodegradation greatly impacts the amount of DOM respired to CO2 even in periodically-shaded streams. Together, this dissertation demonstrates that DOM photodegradation substantially impacts freshwater CO2 emissions now and will impact them in the future, improving our predicting understanding of this process.PHDEarth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/169988/1/bowenjc_1.pd