Towards prediction of ordered phases in rechargeable battery chemistry via group–subgroup transformation

Abstract: The electrochemical thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of rechargeable batteries are critically influenced by the ordering of mobile ions in electrodes or solid electrolytes. However, because of the experimental difficulty of capturing the lighter migration ion coupled with the theoretical limitation of searching for ordered phases in a constrained cell, predicting stable ordered phases involving cell transformations or at extremely dilute concentrations remains challenging. Here, a group-subgroup transformation method based on lattice transformation and Wyckoff-position splitting is employed to predict the ordered ground states. We reproduce the previously reported Li0.75CoO2, Li0.8333CoO2, and Li0.8571CoO2 phases and report a new Li0.875CoO2 ground state. Taking the advantage of Wyckoff-position splitting in reducing the number of configurations, we identify the stablest Li0.0625C6 dilute phase in Li-ion intercalated graphite. We also resolve the Li/La/vacancy ordering in Li3xLa2/3−xTiO3 (0 < x < 0.167), which explains the observed Li-ion diffusion anisotropy. These findings provide important insight towards understanding the rechargeable battery chemistry

Differential features of early childhood motor skill development and working memory processing: evidence from fNIRS

ObjectiveThe study investigated the differential characteristics associated with motor skill development and working memory processing during early childhood, thereby providing insights for understanding motor learning and cognitive development in young children.MethodsIn total, 101 preschool children (age: 4–6 years) were recruited for this study. The motor skill development level and the working memory capacity of the children were assessed using the MOBAK Motor Development Assessment Scale and a block task paradigm, respectively. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy brain imaging technology was used to monitor hemodynamic signals in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the children while they completed different memory tasks. MATLAB software and the Homer2 plugin were used to calculate the oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) concentration in relevant brain regions during the tasks.Results(1) The low motor skill group exhibited significantly lower accuracy during the three-memory load condition than during the two-memory load condition. Under both two-memory and three-memory load conditions, the high motor skill group exhibited significantly higher accuracy than the low motor skill group. (2) Significant differences in the Oxy-Hb concentration were observed in the left dorsolateral PFC (L-DLPFC), and right and left triangular part of the Broca’s area (R-PTBA and L-PTBA, respectively) between the two memory difficulty levels for the high motor skill group. The Oxy-Hb concentration was significantly higher during the three-memory load condition than during the two-memory load condition. Under the two-memory load condition, the high motor skill group exhibited significantly higher Oxy-Hb concentration in the L-DLPFC and L-PTBA regions than in the low motor skill group. Under the three-memory load condition, the high motor skill group exhibited significantly higher Oxy-Hb concentration in the L-DLPFC, R-PTBA, and L-PTBA regions than the low motor skill group.ConclusionA close association was observed between the motor skill levels and working memory in young children, with higher motor skill levels being associated with more pronounced brain activation patterns during working memory tasks

Solenoid-free current drive via ECRH in EXL-50 spherical torus plasmas

As a new spherical tokamak (ST) designed to simplify engineering requirements of a possible future fusion power source, the EXL-50 experiment features a low aspect ratio (A) vacuum vessel (VV), encircling a central post assembly containing the toroidal field coil conductors without a central solenoid. Multiple electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) resonances are located within the VV to improve current drive effectiveness. Copious energetic electrons are produced and measured with hard X-ray detectors, carry the bulk of the plasma current ranging from 50kA to 150kA, which is maintained for more than 1s duration. It is observed that over one Ampere current can be maintained per Watt of ECRH power issued from the 28-GHz gyrotrons. The plasma current reaches Ip>80kA for high density (>5e18me-2) discharge with 150kW ECHR heating. An analysis was carried out combining reconstructed multi-fluid equilibrium, guiding-center orbits of energetic electrons, and resonant heating mechanisms. It is verified that in EXL-50 a broadly distributed current of energetic electrons creates smaller closed magnetic-flux surfaces of low aspect ratio that in turn confine the thermal plasma electrons and ions and participate in maintaining the equilibrium force-balance

Investigation on burnout syndrome among Chinese and Hungarian dentists

This paper traces early history of study of burnout syndrome. It uses a comparison survey method to study multiple factors in the development of burnout syndrome among dentists of China and Hungary. Comparison study of the dentist in two countries reveal the different degree of significance for multiple social and individual factors in developing such disease. Finally, intervention techniques are discussed and suggested to prevent and alleviate such problems among medical professionals.egységes, osztatlanfogorvosangolVÁg

Parallelizing maximum likelihood classification on computer cluster and graphics processing unit for supervised image classification

Supervised image classification has been widely utilized in a variety of remote sensing applications. When large volume of satellite imagery data and aerial photos are increasingly available, high-performance image processing solutions are required to handle large scale of data. This paper introduces how maximum likelihood classification approach is parallelized for implementation on a computer cluster and a graphics processing unit to achieve high performance when processing big imagery data. The solution is scalable and satisfies the need of change detection, object identification, and exploratory analysis on large-scale high-resolution imagery data in remote sensing applications

Identifying the Uncertainty in Physician Practice Location through Spatial Analytics and Text Mining

In response to the widespread concern about the adequacy, distribution, and disparity of access to a health care workforce, the correct identification of physicians’ practice locations is critical to access public health services. In prior literature, little effort has been made to detect and resolve the uncertainty about whether the address provided by a physician in the survey is a practice address or a home address. This paper introduces how to identify the uncertainty in a physician’s practice location through spatial analytics, text mining, and visual examination. While land use and zoning code, embedded within the parcel datasets, help to differentiate resident areas from other types, spatial analytics may have certain limitations in matching and comparing physician and parcel datasets with different uncertainty issues, which may lead to unforeseen results. Handling and matching the string components between physicians’ addresses and the addresses of the parcels could identify the spatial uncertainty and instability to derive a more reasonable relationship between different datasets. Visual analytics and examination further help to clarify the undetectable patterns. This research will have a broader impact over federal and state initiatives and policies to address both insufficiency and maldistribution of a health care workforce to improve the accessibility to public health services

Optimization of combustion organization scheme for pre-combustion chamber of pre-cooled engine

Abstract Pre-cooled engines, in which the incoming air is cooled by a pre-cooler before it enters the subsequent components for operation, are one of the important developments in combined power solutions. Therefore, how to optimize the gas temperature uniformity of the high temperature gas stream at the outlet of the pre-combustion chamber to achieve higher efficiency of the pre-cooled engine will be the main research content. In this paper, grid partitioning was performed on the pre combustion chamber model, and the k-omega model and EDC model were used to simulate the internal flow field of the pre combustion chamber. And verify the correctness of the simulation through engine hot testing. Explored the changing trends of the internal velocity and temperature fields of the engine under different secondary injection structures. The larger the secondary injection flow rate, the more obvious the obstruction to high-temperature gas, and the better the uniformity of gas temperature. However, in experiments, the secondary injection components often cannot withstand a large flow rate ratio. Ultimately, the gas temperature uniformity is best when the secondary injection flow rate ratio is 65%. Circumferential deflection will cause the gas to spin, and the spinning process will make the gas temperature at the same radius more uniform. However, due to the decrease in radial velocity, the obstruction effect on the overall high-temperature gas is weakened. When the gas is deflected towards the head by 30°, the velocity of the incoming gas and the velocity of the secondary injection gas are combined and perpendicular to the axis. At this time, the gas temperature uniformity is the best

Proportioning Test on the Similar Materials of the Rock Mass Physical Model Test Considering Seepage and Dynamic Characteristics

With the development of infrastructure construction, an increasing number of projects are faced with the problem of hydraulic and dynamic coupling. However, traditional physical model materials mainly consider the single factor influence and lack comprehensive research on the hydraulic and dynamic parameters of similar materials. Based on the dimensionless criterion and Buckingham π theorem, the dimension and similarity relation of physical model tests of rock masses under seepage and dynamic coupling are derived. A new type of similar material considering hydraulic and dynamic properties was developed by using quartz sand, barite powder, cement, water glass, rosin, and glycerol as raw materials through a large number of orthogonal tests. Meanwhile, the sensitivity analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of similar materials was carried out and the influence of each component factor on the physical properties was revealed. A material preparation scheme was developed to meet the physical and hydraulic characteristics of different rock and soil physical models. An empirical matching formula considering each parameter is proposed. This work can provide an important reference for physical model tests of similar rock masses

Progress in wearable electronics/photonics-Moving toward the era of artificial intelligence and internet of things

10.1002/inf2.12122INFOMAT261131-116

Hierarchical Au Nanoisland Arrays for Anticounterfeiting Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Stamps

Plasmonic nanostructures of hierarchy allow for the integration of the functions of different domains and, importantly, provide built-in nanogaps and hotspots due to the intrinsic coupling effect. Although they are badly needed for a range of applications, including surface-enhanced spectroscopies, chem/biosensing, and others, simple and fast preparation of plasmonic hierarchical nanostructures remains a challenging goal. Here, the growth of hierarchical Au nanoisland arrays in a reactant in/target produced fashion is communicated. By a single-step quick injection, uniform Au nanoisland arrays with intense built-in hotspots could be produced within minutes through competitive balance between the reaction rate and seed surface passivation using a strong binding ligand. The experimental results and theoretical simulations revealed a strong electromagnetic enhancement effect of the Au nanoisland arrays. Stable anticounterfeiting SERS labels were realized by stamping the nanoisland array-based ink on an ordinary paper, by which dyes of similar appearance can be easily discriminated