Development of Cryogenic Current Comparators with DC Squid Readout for the Calibration of Electrical Standards

For the realization of the electrical quantum metrology triangle (V-A-Ω) a device to amplify very small currents with high precision is needed. The cryogenic current comparator (CCC) is by far the best instrument to do this. In order to make a very current sensitive CCC for calibration of electrical standards, we have developed optimum dc Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs). The design, fabrication and characterisation of these devices is presented. The measurements concern the flux-to-voltage transfer and the noise properties, especially the input current noise. The optimisation of the flux transformer circuit that links the CCC with the SQUID will be treated. In addition, typical fabrication aspects of the CCC as the wires and tube assembly, the shields and the support system will be addressed

Temporal dynamics of the multi-omic response to endurance exercise training

Regular exercise promotes whole-body health and prevents disease, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood1-3. Here, the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium4 profiled the temporal transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, lipidome, phosphoproteome, acetylproteome, ubiquitylproteome, epigenome and immunome in whole blood, plasma and 18 solid tissues in male and female Rattus norvegicus over eight weeks of endurance exercise training. The resulting data compendium encompasses 9,466 assays across 19 tissues, 25 molecular platforms and 4 training time points. Thousands of shared and tissue-specific molecular alterations were identified, with sex differences found in multiple tissues. Temporal multi-omic and multi-tissue analyses revealed expansive biological insights into the adaptive responses to endurance training, including widespread regulation of immune, metabolic, stress response and mitochondrial pathways. Many changes were relevant to human health, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular health and tissue injury and recovery. The data and analyses presented in this study will serve as valuable resources for understanding and exploring the multi-tissue molecular effects of endurance training and are provided in a public repository ( https://motrpac-data.org/ )