Plasmodium vivax Malaria among Military Personnel, French Guiana, 1998–2008

We obtained health surveillance epidemiologic data on malaria among French military personnel deployed to French Guiana during 1998–2008. Incidence of Plasmodium vivax malaria increased and that of P. falciparum remained stable. This new epidemiologic situation has led to modification of malaria treatment for deployed military personnel

Specific Oncogenic Activity of the Src-Family Tyrosine Kinase c-Yes in Colon Carcinoma Cells

c-Yes, a member of the Src tyrosine kinase family, is found highly activated in colon carcinoma but its importance relative to c-Src has remained unclear. Here we show that, in HT29 colon carcinoma cells, silencing of c-Yes, but not of c-Src, selectively leads to an increase of cell clustering associated with a localisation of β-catenin at cell membranes and a reduction of expression of β-catenin target genes. c-Yes silencing induced an increase in apoptosis, inhibition of growth in soft-agar and in mouse xenografts, inhibition of cell migration and loss of the capacity to generate liver metastases in mice. Re-introduction of c-Yes, but not c -Src, restores transforming properties of c-Yes depleted cells. Moreover, we found that c-Yes kinase activity is required for its role in β-catenin localisation and growth in soft agar, whereas kinase activity is dispensable for its role in cell migration. We conclude that c-Yes regulates specific oncogenic signalling pathways important for colon cancer progression that is not shared with c-Src

A framework for behavioral studies of social cognition in information systems

Paper presented at ISOneWorld Conference, Las Vegas, NV.This paper examines framing processes in organizational information system definition, acquisition and use. Three theoretical lenses of social cognition are required to understand how individuals and groups frame IS problems and solutions. These are: (i) socially-situated cognition, (ii) socially-shared cognition, and (iii) distributed cognition. These three perspectives are often conflated in studies of that study mental models or framing in an IS context. The separation of analytical "levels" reveals different interiors of the "black box" of organizational IS design and adaptation, which are not well understood. In particular, this methodological framework highlights different assumptions concerning whether mental models are static or dynamic, and whether cognition is a property of individuals, groups, or technological systems

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Dénombrer les populations de chevreuils par l’utilisation du line transect. Étude de faisabilité

Determining the size of roe deer populations is a difficult task. The methods required have (1) to provide estimates with confidence intervals and (2) be flexible enough to take into account specific features of the species. As line transect sampling fits these requirements, the method was tested on roe deer in the Chizé forest, whose population was of known size, and decreasing. First, the theory and definitions of line transect sampling are presented. Then, assumptions and models are briefly reviewed. A sampling design f or roe deer is proposed which satisfies critical assumptions. Lastly, a feasibility test is performed. Population sizes are estimated from line transect sampling during 2 years with different population sizes, using the program TRANSECT. Our population estimates highlight the decrease in population size from 1987 to 1989. However, confidence intervals are very large because too few contacts were made during our sampling (36 in 1987 ; 16 in 1989). To count roe deer using line transect could be difficult when population density is low and/or spread over large areas. Nonetheless, the line transect could be a powerful tool to indicate trends in forest roe deer population size when density is higher than 10/100 ha.Plus d’expérimentations sur le terrain sont encore requises pour savoir si une généralisation de cette méthode à des fins de gestion du Chevreuil est possible. Cette première étude sur une population dont les variations d’effectifs sont connues montre que la faisabilité est importante pour les populations à forte densité (supérieure à 10/100 ha) et que lorsque les conditions d’application d’une méthode bien éprouvée sur le plan théorique de l’estimation sont intégrées dans le protocole expérimental, le modèle aboutit à une évaluation correcte de l’effectif de population (Badia & Gaillard, 1992). La précision dépend ensuite de nombreux facteurs tels que l’intensité d’échantillonnage ou la distribution spatiale des individus dont les effets devront être quantifiés dans des études ultérieures.Gaillard Jean-michel, Boutin Jean-Marie, Van laere Guy. Dénombrer les populations de chevreuils par l’utilisation du line transect. Étude de faisabilité. In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 48, n°1, 1993. pp. 73-85

Revue d'histoire du Bas-Saint-Laurent, vol. 11 (1)

Éditorial -- Le Estevan Lodge et les Jardins de Métis -- L'écomusée métissien -- Témoignage d'un artisan des Jardins de Métis -- Le régiment de Gaspé-Bonaventure, le lieutenantcolonel Joseph Pineault et la défense des côtes gaspésiennes durant la seconde Guerre mondiale -- Le comité du patrimoine: premier bila

Best squirrels trade a long life for an early reproduction

Age at primiparity plays a crucial role in population dynamics and life-history evolution. Long-term data on female North American red squirrels were analysed to study the fitness consequences of delaying first reproduction. Early breeders were born earlier, had a higher breeding success and achieved a higher lifetime reproductive success than females who delayed their first reproduction, which suggests a higher quality of early breeders. However, early breeders had similar mass when tagged, and similar number of food caches available at one year of age as late breeders. Nevertheless, we found evidence of survival costs of early primiparity. Early breeders had a lower survival between one and two years of age than late breeders and a lower lifespan. Our study points out that two reproductive tactics co-occurred in this population: a tactic based on early maturity at the cost of a lower survival versus a tactic based on delayed maturity and long lifespan. High quality individuals express the most profitable tactic by breeding early whereas low quality individuals do the best of a bad job by delaying their first reproduction