Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Sedum sediforme extracts

Purpose: To evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect and in vitro antioxidant activity of the areal part of Sedum sediforme (Jacq.) extracts.Methods: The plant was extracted with solvents of varying polarity (Methanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate, respectively) allowed its separation into three sub-fractions: crude extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract (CrE, ChE and EaE, respectively). Total polyphenol contents of the extracts were determined. The phorbolmyristate acetate (PMA) induced mice ear edema method was using to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. The in vitro scavenging activity was evaluated using enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods. Chelating ability of extracts was assessed using Fe2+–ferrozine complex.Results: The highest content of phenolics compound was in EaE. The administration of CrE (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) reduced ear edema induced by PMA (%I = 35.81 ± 3.18 % and 38.57 ± 2.80 %, respectively), the effect was comparable with that of diclofenac used as a reference drug (%I = 38.84 ± 1.87 %). The in vitro scavenging activity of S. sediforme extracts confirmed that the CrE has the highest enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 0.063 ± 0.005 mg/mL and 0.178 ± 0.006 mg/mL, respectively. However, the ChE present an excellent  chelating activity with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 0.397 ± 0.001 mg/mL.Conclusion: The results show that S. sediforme extracts have a strong antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities which lend some support their use in the traditional medicine. Keywords: Sedum sediforme, Anti-inflammatory, Superoxide scavenger, Cytochrome C, Metal chelatin

The In vivo and in vitro antioxidant and anti-hemolytic effect of Algerian Centaurea calcitrapa L. extracts

In the present study, aerial part of Centaurea calcitrapa L. were extracted with solvent of varying polarity allowed their separation into three main subfractions, the analysis of methanol crud (CrE), chloroform (ChE) and ethyl acetate (EaE) extracts, showed that the EaE contains the highest amount of flavonoids (50,71 ± 0,65 mg Eq / Quercetin g dry extract and 31,96 ± 0,39 mg Eq Rutin / g dry extract). Using DPPH assay, the highest activity was observed with EaE (IC50 = 0,037 ± 0,0006 mg / ml). The β-carotene / linoleic acid bleaching assay revealed that the extracts have a very important antioxidant activity. The results showed that CrE has the highest antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of the CrE is confirmed by an in vivo assay in mice, using two doses: CrD1 (50 mg/kg/day) and CrD2 (100 mg/kg/day) during 21 days. Total antioxidant capacity of plasma and red blood cells was measured. The half-life (HT50), which corresponds to 50% of cell lysis was calculated, the results showed that both groups treated with plant extract had a protective effect against erythrocytes hemolysis (CrD2: HT50= 167,3 ± 3,72 min). The CrD2 group showed a strong scavenging activity using DPPH assay (51,64 ± 5,24 %), higher than that of Vit C group (38,92 ± 1,72 %). All results confirmed that the extracts have a dose dependent effect on the growth of overall antioxidant defenses. These results support the use of this plant against anti-inflammatory diseases in traditional medicine. Keywords: Centaurea calcitrapa L., in vivo-antioxidant activity, DPPH, hemolysis, flavonoids

Phenolics Contents, Xanthine Oxidoreductase Inhibitory Potential, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Cachrys libanotis L. Root Extracts

To date, no studies have investigated the phytochemical screening and biological activities of Cachrys libanotis L. traditionally used for the treatment of gout and rheumatism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate, for the first time, the phytochemical contents, the xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of extracts derived from the roots of C. libanotis L. Roots were submitted to extraction and fractionation using three different solvents sequentially, in the ascending order of polarity. Subsequently, XOR was purified from bovine milk and its inhibition was evaluated using xanthine/XOR system. The antioxidant activities were assessed employed superoxide scavenging, β- carotene bleaching, DPPH scavenging, ferrous iron chelation and FRAP assays). The antibacterial activity was tested by disc diffusion assay against 11 ATCC strains. Extraction and fractionation gave crude extract (CrE), hexane extract (HxE), chloroform extract (ChE), ethyle acetate extract (EAE) and aqueous extract (AqE).  EAE exhibited the highest XOR inhibitory effect. CrE exhibited the highest effect as DPPH scavenger. All fractions exhibited a good activity against linoleate oxidation. Both CrE and AqE had an excellent chelating activity. Extracts showed a medium reducing power with greatest value exhibited by EAE. The plant extracts exhibited moderate to good antibacterial activity where the HxE extract had the strongest antimicrobial activity. From the obtained results, C. libanotis roots might be helpful in preventing or slowing the progress of gout, and it could be used as an additive in the food industry providing good protection against oxidative damage. Keywords: Cachrys libanotis, polyphenols, oxidative stress, xanthine-oxidoreductase (XOR), antimicrobial