143 research outputs found

    Le modèle didactique du genre à l’épreuve de la classe

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    La didactique du français à l’École primaire romande est construite en référence aux genres, lesquels constituent l’arrière plan théorique du Plan d’Études Romand (PER, 2010). Selon cette posture épistémologique, le modèle didactique du genre, appuyé sur une description des principales caractéristiques d’un genre donné, occupe une place nodale dans le processus de transposition didactique. Cette modélisation s’effectue en référence au PER, dans lequel il est recommandé d’aborder tous les regroupements de genre dès le premier cycle (1H-4H) tandis qu’au cycle 2 chacun d’eux fera l’objet d’un travail à deux reprises. Ceci signifie que chaque année il faut aborder au moins trois regroupements de genre pour se conformer à la conception spiralaire des apprentissages préconisée. Nous analysons trois productions écrites d’élèves de 4H (4e HarmoS, classe de fin du cycle 1 romand/CE1, fin du cycle 2 en France) et leurs productions des années antérieures (2H et 3H) concernant ce même genre. Quelles traces d’un déjà là dans les choix linguistiques, discursifs et stylistiques des élèves peut-on repérer ? Les élèves se distancient-ils ou non d’un schéma prototypique « simplification de la réalité réduite à des descripteurs » et font-ils preuve de capacité créatrice, mentionnée également dans le PER ?In romand Switzerland, french didactic for Primary school is built in reference to “genres”, which constitute the theoretical background of the curriculum “Plan d’Études Romand” (PER, 2010). The didactic model of “genre” takes a nodal place in the process of didactic transposition. The PER recommend to teach all groups of “genre” from 1H to 4H (cycle 1). In cycle 2, it is necessary to teach every year at least three “groups of genre” to conform to the spiral learning prescribed. We analyze three pupils’ writing (4 HarmoS, CE1 in France) and their previous writing (2H and 3H). What substratum in the linguistic, discursive and stylistic pupils’ choices? Can they stand back from a prototypical process “simplification of the reality reduced to descriptors” and do they have creative capacity

    Metabolomic analysis revealed differences between bovine cloned embryos with contrasting development abilities

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    Metabolomic analysis revealed differences between bovine cloned embryos with contrasting development abilities. 31. Colloque Scientifique de l'AET

    Diagnostic Value of FDG PET-CT Quantitative Parameters and Deauville-Like 5 Point-Scale in Predicting Malignancy of Focal Thyroid Incidentaloma

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    Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of FDG PET-CT metabolic parameters and Deauville-like 5 point-scale to predict malignancy in a population of patients presenting focal thyroid incidentaloma (fTI).Design: This retrospective study included 41 fTI, classified according to cytological and histological data as benign (BL) or malignant lesion (ML). FDG PET-CT semi-quantitative parameters (SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, MTV, TLG), tumor to liver SUVmean ratio (TLRmax and TLRmean), tumor to blood-pool SUVmean ratio (TBRmax and TBRmean) were calculated. Each fTI was also classified on a Deauville-like 5-point scale (DS) currently used in lymphoma. Comparison between BL and ML was performed for each parameter and a ROC analysis was conducted.Results: All quantitative PET metabolic parameters (SUV parameters, volume based parameters and SUV ratio) were higher in ML compared with BL, yet no significant difference was reported. fTI (uptake) malignancy rate according to DS grades 2, 3, 4, and 5 was, respectively, 25% (1 of 4), 28.6% (2 of 7), 8.3% (1 of 12), and 33.3% (6 of 18) with no significant difference between ML and BL groups. Results of ROC analysis showed that mean TBR had the highest AUC in our cohort (0.66 95%CI [0.41; 0.91]) with a cut-off value of 2.2. Specificity of MTV and TLG was 100% (cut-off values: MTV 9.6 ml, TLG 22.9 g) and their sensitivity was 30 and 40%, respectively.Conclusion: Our study did not highlight any FDG PET/CT parameter predictor of fTI malignancy

    Direct interaction of TrkA/CD44v3 is essential for NGF-promoted aggressiveness of breast cancer cells

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    Background CD44 is a multifunctional membrane glycoprotein. Through its heparan sulfate chain, CD44 presents growth factors to their receptors. We have shown that CD44 and Tropomyosin kinase A (TrkA) form a complex following nerve growth factor (NGF) induction. Our study aimed to understand how CD44 and TrkA interact and the consequences of inhibiting this interaction regarding the pro-tumoral effect of NGF in breast cancer. Methods After determining which CD44 isoforms (variants) are involved in forming the TrkA/CD44 complex using proximity ligation assays, we investigated the molecular determinants of this interaction. By molecular modeling, we isolated the amino acids involved and confirmed their involvement using mutations. A CD44v3 mimetic peptide was then synthesized to block the TrkA/CD44v3 interaction. The effects of this peptide on the growth, migration and invasion of xenografted triple-negative breast cancer cells were assessed. Finally, we investigated the correlations between the expression of the TrkA/CD44v3 complex in tumors and histo-pronostic parameters. Results We demonstrated that isoform v3 (CD44v3), but not v6, binds to TrkA in response to NGF stimulation. The final 10 amino acids of exon v3 and the TrkA H112 residue are necessary for the association of CD44v3 with TrkA. Functionally, the CD44v3 mimetic peptide impairs not only NGF-induced RhoA activation, clonogenicity, and migration/invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro but also tumor growth and metastasis in a xenograft mouse model. We also detected TrkA/CD44v3 only in cancerous cells, not in normal adjacent tissues. Conclusion Collectively, our results suggest that blocking the CD44v3/TrkA interaction can be a new therapeutic option for triple-negative breast cancers

    Prosodie, discours didactique et construction de l’intersubjectivité

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    International audienc

    La didactique de l’oral à l’école aujourd’hui

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    International audienc

    Prosodie et phrase orale chez le jeune enfant en début de petite section de maternelle

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    Cet article a pour objet l’étude de la syntaxe du français parlé à l’école, et concerne particulièrement les productions enfantines en début d’école maternelle. Quel statut pour la phrase orale entre 2 et 3 ans, lorsque l’enfant commence à entrer dans un langage verbal explicite, à utiliser le « je » et à prendre en compte les états mentaux de son interlocuteur ? À partir d’un corpus de thèse (Bourhis, 2005), nous étudions la congruence prosodie - syntaxe orale lors de l’acquisition / apprent..

    Étude du rôle de la prosodie chez l'enfant dans la construction de l'espace intersubjectif

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    Bourhis Véronique. Étude du rôle de la prosodie chez l'enfant dans la construction de l'espace intersubjectif. In: L'Information Grammaticale, N. 115, 2007. pp. 4-10
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