676 research outputs found
Engage D3.5 Opportunities for innovative ATM research (interim report)
This document reports on the topics and academic disciplines of past Exploratory Research projects, notably SESAR Workpackage E (long-term and innovative research) and SESAR Exploratory Research (ER) with a view of tracing the evolution of research as well as opportunities for future research. This analysis is complemented with relevant activities in Engage, such as the Engage thematic challenges
A complex interprofessional intervention to improve the management of painful procedures in neonates
During hospitalization, neonates are exposed to a stressful environment and a high
number of painful procedures. If pain is not treated adequately, short- and long-term
complications may develop. Despite evidence about neonatal pain and available
guidelines, procedural pain remains undertreated. This gap between research and
practice is mostly due to limited implementation of evidence-based knowledge and
time constraints. This study describes in detail the development process of a complex interprofessional intervention to improve the management of procedural pain
in neonates called NEODOL© (NEOnato DOLore). The framework of the Medical
Research Council (MRC) for the development and evaluation of complex interventions was used as a methodological guide for the design of the NEODOL© intervention. The development of the intervention is based on several steps and multiple
methods. To report this process, we used the Criteria for Reporting the Development
of Complex Interventions in Healthcare (CReDECI 2). Additionally, we evaluated the
content of the intervention using a Delphi method to obtain consensus from experts,
stakeholders, and parents. The complex interprofessional intervention, NEODOL©,
is developed and designed for three groups: healthcare professionals, parents, and
neonates for a level IIb neonatal unit at a regional hospital in southern Switzerland. A
total of 16 panelists participated in the Delphi process. At the end of the Delphi process, the panelists endorsed the NEODOL© intervention as important and feasible.
Following the MRC guidelines, a multimethod process was used to develop a complex
interprofessional intervention to improve the management of painful procedures in
newborns. Complex interprofessional interventions need theoretical bases, careful
development, and integration of stakeholders to provide a comprehensive approach.
The NEODOL intervention consists of promising components and has the potential
to improve the management of painful procedures and should facilitate the knowledge translation into practice.
KEYWORDS
bundle of care, complex interventions, interprofessional relations, knowledge translation,
neonate, procedural pai
Asymmetry Function of Interstellar Scintillations of Pulsars
A new method for separating intensity variations of a source's radio emission
having various physical natures is proposed. The method is based on a joint
analysis of the structure function of the intensity variations and the
asymmetry function, which is a generalization of the asymmetry coefficient and
characterizes the asymmetry of the distribution function of the intensity
fluctuations on various scales for the inhomogeneities in the diffractive
scintillation pattern. Relationships for the asymmetry function in the cases of
a logarithmic normal distribution of the intensity fluctuations and a normal
distribution of the field fluctuations are derived. Theoretical relationships
and observational data on interstellar scintillations of pulsars (refractive,
diffractive, and weak scintillations) are compared. Pulsar scintillations match
the behavior expected for a normal distribution of the field fluctuations
(diffractive scintillation) or logarithmic normal distribution of the intensity
fluctuations (refractive and weak scintillation). Analysis of the asymmetry
function is a good test for distinguishing scintillations against the
background of variations that have different origins
Engage D3.10 Research and innovation insights
Engage is the SESAR 2020 Knowledge Transfer Network (KTN). It is managed by a consortium of academia and industry, with the support of the SESAR Joint Undertaking. This report highlights future research opportunities for ATM. The basic framework is structured around three research pillars. Each research pillar has a dedicated section in this report. SESARâs Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda, Digital European Sky is a focal point of comparison. Much of the work is underpinned by the building and successful launch of the Engage wiki, which comprises an interactive research map, an ATM concepts roadmap and a research repository. Extensive lessons learned are presented. Detailed proposals for future research, plus research enablers and platforms are suggested for SESAR 3
Interprofessional collaboration and involvement of parents in the management of painful procedures in newborns
How is rape a weapon of war?: feminist international relations, modes of critical explanation and the study of wartime sexual violence
Rape is a weapon of war. Establishing this now common claim has been an achievement of feminist scholarship and activism and reveals wartime sexual violence as a social act marked by gendered power. But the consensus that rape is a weapon of war obscures important, and frequently unacknowledged, differences in ways of understanding and explaining it. This article opens these differences to analysis. Drawing on recent debates regarding the philosophy of social science in IR and social theory, it interprets feminist accounts of wartime sexual violence in terms of modes of critical explanation â expansive styles of reasoning that foreground particular actors, mechanisms, reasons and stories in the formulation of research. The idea of a mode of critical explanation is expanded upon through a discussion of the role of three elements (analytical wagers, narrative scripts and normative orientations) which accomplish the theoretical work of modes. Substantive feminist accounts of wartime sexual violence are then differentiated in terms of three modes â of instrumentality, unreason and mythology â which implicitly structure different understandings of how rape might be a weapon of war. These modes shape political and ethical projects and so impact not only on questions of scholarly content but also on the ways in which we attempt to mitigate and abolish war rape. Thinking in terms of feminist modes of critical explanation consequently encourages further work in an unfolding research agenda. It clarifes the ways in which an apparently commonality of position can conceal meaningful disagreements about human action. Exposing these disagreements opens up new possibilities for the analysis of war rape
Optimizing training adaptations by manipulating glycogen
For decades, glycogen has been recognized as a storage form of glucose within the liver and muscles. Only recently has a greater role for glycogen as a regulator of metabolic signalling been suggested. Glycogen either directly or indirectly regulates a number of signalling proteins, including the adenosine-5\u27-phosphate- (AMP-) activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). AMPK and p38 MAPK play a significant role in controlling the expression and activity of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivators (PGCs), respectively. The PGCs can directly increase muscle mitochondrial mass and endurance exercise performance. As low muscle glycogen is generally associated with greater activation of these pathways, the concept of training with low glycogen to maximize the physiological adaptations to endurance exercise is gaining acceptance in the scientific community. In this review, we evaluate the scientific basis for this philosophy and propose some practical applications of this philosophy for the general population as well as elite endurance athletes.<br /
Making drug harms: Punishments for drugs offenders who pose risks to children
Images of children are routinely used in discourses on drugs, offering a compelling rationale for adopting particular policy positions or legislative reforms. However, the importance of childhood to the constitution of drug harms, and the punishment and subjectification of drug users and offenders, have rarely been the subject of enquiry, whether within drug and alcohol studies, criminology or legal studies. Scholarship on criminal sentencing in England and Wales is also relatively sparse, and has been dominated by analyses of the âlegal-rationalâ logic of particular provisions or reforms. This paper, which relies on the premise that drugs and their effects are constituted through discourse, and are thus contingent, variable and unstable, identifies the âcollateral realitiesâ (Law, 2011) that are enacted during legislative and judicial attempts to stabilize the harms caused by drugs to children and communities
The Asymmetry Coefficient for Interstellar Scintillation of Extragalactic Radio Sources
Comparing the asymmetry coefficients and scintillation indices for observed
time variations of the intensity of the radiation of extragalactic sources and
the predictions of theoretical models is a good test of the nature of the
observed variations. Such comparisons can be used to determine whether
flux-density variations are due to scintillation in the interstellar medium or
are intrinsic to the source. In the former case, they can be used to estimate
the fraction of the total flux contributed by the compact component (core)
whose flux-density variations are brought about by inhomogeneities in the
interstellar plasma. Results for the radio sources PKS 0405-385, B0917+624, PKS
1257-336, and J1819+3845 demonstrate that the scintillating component in these
objects makes up from 50% to 100% of the total flux, and that the intrinsic
angular sizes of the sources at 5 GHz is 10-40 microarcseconds. The
characteristics of the medium giving rise to the scintillations are presented
The Moral Economy of Heroin in âAusterity Britainâ
This article presents the findings of an ethnographic exploration of heroin use in a disadvantaged area of the United Kingdom. Drawing on developments in continental philosophy as well as debates around the nature of social exclusion in the late-modern west, the core claim made here is that the cultural systems of exchange and mutual support which have come to underpin heroin use in this localeâthat, taken together, form a âmoral economy of heroinââneed to be understood as an exercise in reconstituting a meaningful social realm by, and specifically for, this highly marginalised group. The implications of this claim are discussed as they pertain to the fields of drug policy, addiction treatment, and critical criminological understandings of disenfranchised groups
- âŠ