Medium voltage fault location using distributed LV measurements

An MV fault location technique based exclusively on low voltage measurements in the distribution network is presented in this paper. The technique is based on sequence component analysis of the voltage measurements in order to characterise the LV voltage during MV faults. The accuracy of the technique is evaluated using a DigSILENT PowerFactory model where various fault conditions have been studied including the impact of distributed generation connection on the network voltage profile. The model represents the Power Networks Demonstration Centre’s (PNDC) MV and LV test network. This is to facilitate the validation of the model in the future implementing physical fault testing and measurements using the PNDC network

Serum Leptin Levels in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy: A Pilot Study

Introduction: Elevated serum leptin levels are associated with cardiovascular events. We investigated the role of serum leptin in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods: A total of 74 patients (55 men; 38 symptomatic and 36 asymptomatic; mean age 66.9 +/- 8.2 years) undergoing CEA for >70% carotid artery stenosis were enrolled. Results: Serum leptin levels were lower in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic patients (7.1 +/- 1.3 vs 14.4 +/- 4.7 ng/dL; P < .001). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were higher in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic patients (4.3 +/- 1.7 vs 3.3 +/- 1.1 pg/dL; P = .017). Symptomatic patients had more intense macrophage accumulation (0.7% +/- 0.1% vs 0.3% +/- 0.1%; P < .001). Serum leptin and serum IL-6 levels were independently associated with the presence of symptoms in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Serum leptin levels were decreased in symptomatic carotid artery disease. This finding requires further investigation in larger studies