879 research outputs found

    Pour une réforme du droit de l'avortement

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    Depuis que la Cour suprême du Canada a rendu jugements dans l'affaire Morgentaler c. R., en 1988, et dans l'affaire Daigle c. Tremblay en 1989, le débat relativement au droit à l'avortement et au droit à la vie du foetus est à nouveau relancé. L'auteur ne prétend pas résoudre tous les problèmes juridiques que soulève la question de l'avortement, ni formuler la solution miracle qui rallierait toutes les opinions sur le sujet. À l'aide d'une grille d'analyse, il cherche plutôt une voie fondée sur des critères rationnels.Since the Supreme Court of Canada handed down its judgment in the cases of Morgentaler vs R. in 1988 and Daigle vs Tremblay in 1989, the debate on the right to abortion and the foetus'right to life has one more sprung to be forefront. The author makes no pretensions as to settling all the legal questions raised by abortion, nor does he propose any cure-all solution to rally a consensus on the subject. By using an analysis chart, he seeks to ground arguments on rational criteria

    Center of Mass Compensation during Gait in Hip Arthroplasty Patients: Comparison between Large Diameter Head Total Hip Arthroplasty and Hip Resurfacing

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    Objective. To compare center of mass (COM) compensation in the frontal and sagittal plane during gait in patients with large diameter head total hip arthroplasty (LDH-THA) and hip resurfacing (HR). Design. Observational study. Setting. Outpatient biomechanical laboratory. Participants. Two groups of 12 patients with LDH-THA and HR recruited from a larger randomized study and 11 healthy controls. Interventions. Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures. To compare the distance between the hip prosthetic joint center (HPJC) and the COM. The ratio (RHPJC-COM) and the variability (CVHPJC-COM) were compared between groups. Hip flexor, abductor, and adductor muscle strength was also correlated between groups while radiographic measurements were correlated with the outcome measures. Results. In the frontal plane, HR shows less variability than healthy controls at push-off and toe-off and RHPJC-COM is correlated with the muscle strength ratios (FRABD) at heel contact, maximal weight acceptance, and mid stance. In the sagittal plane, LDH-THA has a higher RHPJC-COM than healthy controls at push-off, and CVHPJC-COM is significantly correlated with FRFLEX. Conclusions. One year after surgery, both groups of patients, LDH-THA and HR, demonstrate minor compensations at some specific instant of the gait cycle, in both frontal and sagittal planes. However, their locomotion pattern is similar to the healthy controls

    Ultrasound evidence of altered lumbar connective tissue structure in human subjects with chronic low back pain

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although the connective tissues forming the fascial planes of the back have been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic low back pain (LBP), there have been no previous studies quantitatively evaluating connective tissue structure in this condition. The goal of this study was to perform an ultrasound-based comparison of perimuscular connective tissue structure in the lumbar region in a group of human subjects with chronic or recurrent LBP for more than 12 months, compared with a group of subjects without LBP.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In each of 107 human subjects (60 with LBP and 47 without LBP), parasagittal ultrasound images were acquired bilaterally centered on a point 2 cm lateral to the midpoint of the L2-3 interspinous ligament. The outcome measures based on these images were subcutaneous and perimuscular connective tissue thickness and echogenicity measured by ultrasound.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index (BMI) or activity levels between LBP and No-LBP groups. Perimuscular thickness and echogenicity were not correlated with age but were positively correlated with BMI. The LBP group had ~25% greater perimuscular thickness and echogenicity compared with the No-LBP group (ANCOVA adjusted for BMI, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 respectively).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is the first report of abnormal connective tissue structure in the lumbar region in a group of subjects with chronic or recurrent LBP. This finding was not attributable to differences in age, sex, BMI or activity level between groups. Possible causes include genetic factors, abnormal movement patterns and chronic inflammation.</p

    Chromium Cycling in Redox‐Stratified Basins Challenges δ <sup>53</sup> Cr Paleoredox Proxy Applications

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    Chromium stable isotope composition (δ53Cr) is a promising tracer for redox conditions throughout Earth's history; however, the geochemical controls of δ53Cr have not been assessed in modern redox-stratified basins. We present new chromium (Cr) concentration and δ53Cr data in dissolved, sinking particulate, and sediment samples from the redox-stratified Lake Cadagno (Switzerland), a modern Proterozoic ocean analog. These data demonstrate isotope fractionation during incomplete (non-quantitative) reduction and removal of Cr above the chemocline, driving isotopically light Cr accumulation in euxinic deep waters. Sediment authigenic Cr is isotopically distinct from overlying waters but comparable to average continental crust. New and published data from other redox-stratified basins show analogous patterns. This challenges assumptions from δ53Cr paleoredox applications that quantitative Cr reduction and removal limits isotope fractionation. Instead, fractionation from non-quantitative Cr removal leads to sedimentary records offset from overlying waters and not reflecting high δ53Cr from oxidative continental weathering.ISSN:0094-8276ISSN:1944-800

    Optimizing the parameterization of deep mixing and internal seiches in one-dimensional hydrodynamic models: a case study with Simstrat v1.3

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    This paper presents an improvement of a one-dimensional lake hydrodynamic model (Simstrat) to characterize the vertical thermal structure of deep lakes. Using physically based arguments, we refine the transfer of wind energy to basin-scale internal waves (BSIWs). We consider the properties of the basin, the characteristics of the wind time series and the stability of the water column to filter and thereby optimize the magnitude of wind energy transferred to BSIWs. We show that this filtering procedure can significantly improve the accuracy of modelled temperatures, especially in the deep water of lakes such as Lake Geneva, for which the root mean square error between observed and simulated temperatures was reduced by up to 40 %. The modification, tested on four different lakes, increases model accuracy and contributes to a significantly better reproduction of seasonal deep convective mixing, a fundamental parameter for biogeochemical processes such as oxygen depletion. It also improves modelling over long time series for the purpose of climate change studies

    Leman-Baikal: Remote sensing of lakes using an ultralight plane

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    The Leman-Baikal project constitutes an international Swiss-Russian collaborative research initiative in the field of physical limnology. The three-year framework involves the development and deployment of a novel multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing platform optimised for the sensing of land and water surfaces from an ultralight aircraft. In this paper we discuss the developed remote sensing methodology and the initial obtained results

    Télédétection multi-échelle des lacs depuis un aéronef ultraléger motorisé

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    Le projet Léman-Baïkal, fruit d'une collaboration scientifique entre la Russie et la Suisse, a permis de développer une nouvelle plateforme de télédétection utilisant des techniques d'imagerie multispectrale et hyperspectrale. Cette plateforme a été testée avec succès sur un aéronef ultraléger motorisé aussi bien au-dessus des lacs que des terres. Cet article présente la méthodologie développée pour la plateforme de télédétection, ainsi que les premiers résultats

    Pairing competition in a quasi-one-dimensional model of organic superconductors (TMTSF)2X_{2}X in magnetic field

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    We microscopically study the effect of the magnetic field (Zeeman splitting) on the superconducting state in a model for quasi-one-dimensional organic superconductors (TMTSF)2X_{2}X. We investigate the competition between spin singlet and spin triplet pairings and the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov(FFLO) state by random phase approximation. While we studied the competition by comparison with the eigenvalue of the gap equation at a fixed temperature in our previous study (Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{102} (2009) 016403), here we obtain both the TcT_c for each pairing state and a phase diagram in the TT(temperature)-hzh_z(field)-VyV_y(strength of the charge fluctuation) space. The phase diagram shows that consecutive transitions from singlet pairing to the FFLO state and further to Sz=1S_z=1 triplet pairing can occur upon increasing the magnetic field when 2kF2k_{F} charge fluctuations coexist with 2kF2k_{F} spin fluctuations. In the FFLO state, the singlet d-wave and Sz=0S_{z}=0 triplet ff-wave components are strongly mixed especially when the charge fluctuations are strong.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure

    Comparative acute efficacy and tolerability of OROS and immediate release formulations of methylphenidate in the treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The main aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of IR MPH administered three times daily to those of once daily OROS-MPH.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Subjects were outpatient adults satisfying full diagnostic criteria for DSM-IV ADHD between 19 and 60 years of age. Data from two independently conducted 6-week placebo controlled, randomized clinical trials of IR-MPH (tid) and of OROS-MPH were pooled to create three study groups: Placebo (N = 116), IR-MPH (tid) (N = 102) and OROS-MPH (N = 67).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Eight-five percent (N = 99) of placebo treated subjects, 77% (N = 79) of the IR-MPH (tid) treated subjects, and 82% (N = 55) of the OROS-MPH treated subjects completed the 6-week trial. Total daily doses at endpoint were 80.9 ± 31.9 mg, 74.8 ± 26.2 mg, and 95.4 ± 26.3 mg in the OROS-MPH, IR-MPH (tid), and placebo groups, respectively. At endpoint, 66% (N = 44) of subjects receiving OROS-MPH and 70% (N = 71) of subjects receiving IR-MPH (tid) were considered responders compared with 31% (N = 36) on placebo.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Comparison of data from two similarly designed, large, randomized, placebo-controlled, trials, showed that equipotent daily doses of once daily OROS-MPH had similar efficacy to that of TID administered IR MPH.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>The trial of OROS-MPH was registered at clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT00181571.</p
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