Multivariate model to identify risk factors (odd’s ratios, OR) for methicillin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.

<p>MRSA: methicillin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>; CI: confidence interval; LTCF: long term care facility; AB: antimicrobial (antibiotic); DDD: defined daily dose.</p

Isolate distribution of the initially retrieved microbiological records from 17 Belgian laboratories (2005).

<p>SA: <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strains samples, including only isolates for which oxacillin susceptibility test result was available; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; URT: upper respiratory tract; LRT: lower respiratory tract: GIT: gastro-intestinal tract; SSTI: skin & soft tissue infections.</p

Overview of the study design with respect to sampling scheme to monitor antimicrobial resistance in target bacteria.

<p>Overview of the study design with respect to sampling scheme to monitor antimicrobial resistance in target bacteria.</p

Average treatment incidences (min-max) based on animal defined daily dose (ADD; TI_ADD) and used dose (UDD; TI_PDD) of the parenteral antimicrobial drugs in the three different herd types.

<p>Average treatment incidences (min-max) based on animal defined daily dose (ADD; TI_ADD) and used dose (UDD; TI_PDD) of the parenteral antimicrobial drugs in the three different herd types.</p

Formulae for the calculation of the treatment incidence (TI) based on the animal defined daily dose (ADD; TI_ADD) and used daily dose (UDD; TI_UDD).

<p>Formulae for the calculation of the treatment incidence (TI) based on the animal defined daily dose (ADD; TI_ADD) and used daily dose (UDD; TI_UDD).</p

Overview of resistance percentages of <i>Pasteurellaceae</i> during the consecutive sampling periods on the different production types.

<p>Overview of resistance percentages of <i>Pasteurellaceae</i> during the consecutive sampling periods on the different production types.</p

Dynamical distribution of multi-resistance in veal calves.

<p>Proportion of strains (<i>Y</i>-axis, %) resistant for indicated number of antibiotics (<i>X</i>-axis: 1AB; resistance to 1 agent tested, 2AB; resistance to 2 agents tested, etc.) of faecal <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> (N = 506) retrieved during the production cycles at T1 (blue bars; 4 weeks +- 5 days after arrival, N = 276) and T2 (red bars; 24 weeks +- 5 days after arrival, N = 230) from 5 veal calves farms.</p

Treatment incidences (min-max) based on the animal unit dose (UD; TI_UD) and prescribed daily dose (UDD; TI_UDD) of the topical antimicrobial drugs in the different herd types.

<p>Treatment incidences (min-max) based on the animal unit dose (UD; TI_UD) and prescribed daily dose (UDD; TI_UDD) of the topical antimicrobial drugs in the different herd types.</p

Overview of resistance percentages of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> during the consecutive sampling periods on the different production types.

<p>Overview of resistance percentages of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> during the consecutive sampling periods on the different production types.</p

Average treatment incidences (min-max) based on the animal defined daily dose (ADD; TI_ADD) and the prescribed daily dose (UDD; TI_UDD) of the orally administered antimicrobial drugs in the veal herds (entire study period).

<p>Average treatment incidences (min-max) based on the animal defined daily dose (ADD; TI_ADD) and the prescribed daily dose (UDD; TI_UDD) of the orally administered antimicrobial drugs in the veal herds (entire study period).</p