7 research outputs found

    Ethnic meat products of the North African and Mediterranean countries: An overview

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    Traditional meat products constitute one of the ancient cultural heritages of the North African and Mediterranean countries: Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. Over years, people of these countries consumed numerous meat products in such a way that biochemical and microbial actions can take place not only to help increase the shelf life but also to enhance the flavor and nutritional quality of the products. These ethnic meat products are prepared using different animal sources, but all verified to be halal, and consumed during local events, family celebrations, or religious feasts. In this systematic review, 32 most known traditional meat products (melfouf, merguez, kofta, guedid, cured guedid, El messli, kourdass, tidkit, soudjouk/sucuk/nakanek, boubnita, pastirma, fregate, merdouma/mandi/bourdim, tafra-gara, maynama, khliaa ezir, laknaf, osbana, bnadek, khlii, kobiba, mcharmla, boubnita/membar, mkila, tehal/tehane, ban-chems, bouzelouf/zelif, klaya, douara/bekbouka/T'qalia, tangia, mrouzia, and cachir) from the five countries were documented. The main objectives of this overview were to report the traditional knowledge that covers the origin, preparation, characteristics, and consumption habits of the 32 North African traditional meat products. Moreover, the listed meat products were grouped into five categories using both traditional and scientific knowledge related to their preparation. The identified categories are (i) salted and/or marinated meat products but not dried (Category I); (ii) dried not fermented meat products (Category II); (iii) fermented semidry/dried meat products (Category III); (iv) smoked meat products (Category IV), and (v) cooked and/or candied meat products (Category V). The common eating practices of these products and the related historical and sociocultural aspects were discussed. Keywords: Algeria, Cultural practices, Ethnic preparation diagrams, Maghreb, North Africa, Traditional meat product

    Etude structurale et ultra structurale d’un aliment traditionnel algérien : LE KHLIAA EZIR

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    National audienceLa conservation à long terme des produits alimentaires implique le plus souvent leur congélation. Ce procédé de conservation est consommateur d’énergie. Des procédés de conservation ancestraux non énergivores tels que le salage ou le séchage sont aujourd’hui revisités pour préserver les produits sur de longues durées. Le « Khliaa Ezir » est un produit carné traditionnel algérien composé de viande salée, épicée, cuite, puis enrobée dans un mélange de graisse et d’huile d’olive pour être conservée à température ambiante, dans une jarre en terre cuite, durant une longue période. Dans le but de faire évoluer le procédé pour l’adapter à de nouveaux aliments, une caractérisation du produit original s’est avérée nécessaire. A partir d’un muscle Semi Membraneux de bovin, la recette originale du KHLIAA EZIR a été réalisée. Des échantillons on été prélevés à chaque étape de la fabrication : viande crue, salée épicée et marinée, cuite dans l’eau et conservée dans une jarre, puis cryofixés. Deux colorations topographiques (Rouge Sirius et HES) ont été effectuées sur des coupes de 10µm, afin de caractériser les effets de chacun des traitements, respectivement, sur les fibres musculaires et les espaces extra cellulaires. Les photos ont été réalisées avec un microscope photonique (Olympus BX61 muni d’une platine motorisée et d’une caméra DP71), puis analysées avec le logiciel « Image J » pour la quantification des effets. Pour appréhender plus en détails ces transformations structurales les échantillons ont également été préparés pour une étude en microscopie électronique à transmission. Les résultats préliminaires montrent la pénétration des épices, des évolutions de la taille des fibres musculaires et des espaces extra cellulaires

    El Gueddid, a traditional Algerian dried salted meat: Physicochemical, microbiological characteristics and proteolysis intensity during its manufacturing process and ripening

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    El Gueddid is a traditional salted and dried meat with high popularity in Algeria. It is used as an ingredient in various dishes. In this study, different samples of El Gueddid were analyzed at different processing times to follow up their microbiological and physicochemical properties. Changes in the protein profile were also demonstrated by electrophoretic study of myofibrillar proteins. Microbiological determinations included the total viable count, coliforms, Staphylococci, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and molds, whereas physicochemical properties were characterized by pH, moisture, salt content and water activity. The results showed that microbial profiles were elevated for all the studied micro-organisms. Staphylococci and lactic acid bacteria were the most abundant micro-organisms in the product. Total coliforms were found in low numbers in fresh meat, being eliminated at the post salting stage of process. The physicochemical characteristics showed that the moisture content decreased in the product during the drying period. The pH also decreased during the drying period, then remained almost unchanged during the rest of the ripening period. Moreover, El Gueddid showed low water activity and high salt content. One of the most important changes in the profile of myofibrillar proteins was a reduction in the myosin heavy chain content.Project AGL2012-32146 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness is fully acknowledgedPeer reviewe

    Etude structurale et ultra structurale d’un aliment traditionnel algérien : LE KHLIAA EZIR

    No full text
    National audienceLa conservation à long terme des produits alimentaires implique le plus souvent leur congélation. Ce procédé de conservation est consommateur d’énergie. Des procédés de conservation ancestraux non énergivores tels que le salage ou le séchage sont aujourd’hui revisités pour préserver les produits sur de longues durées. Le « Khliaa Ezir » est un produit carné traditionnel algérien composé de viande salée, épicée, cuite, puis enrobée dans un mélange de graisse et d’huile d’olive pour être conservée à température ambiante, dans une jarre en terre cuite, durant une longue période. Dans le but de faire évoluer le procédé pour l’adapter à de nouveaux aliments, une caractérisation du produit original s’est avérée nécessaire. A partir d’un muscle Semi Membraneux de bovin, la recette originale du KHLIAA EZIR a été réalisée. Des échantillons on été prélevés à chaque étape de la fabrication : viande crue, salée épicée et marinée, cuite dans l’eau et conservée dans une jarre, puis cryofixés. Deux colorations topographiques (Rouge Sirius et HES) ont été effectuées sur des coupes de 10µm, afin de caractériser les effets de chacun des traitements, respectivement, sur les fibres musculaires et les espaces extra cellulaires. Les photos ont été réalisées avec un microscope photonique (Olympus BX61 muni d’une platine motorisée et d’une caméra DP71), puis analysées avec le logiciel « Image J » pour la quantification des effets. Pour appréhender plus en détails ces transformations structurales les échantillons ont également été préparés pour une étude en microscopie électronique à transmission. Les résultats préliminaires montrent la pénétration des épices, des évolutions de la taille des fibres musculaires et des espaces extra cellulaires

    Microbiological changes during the preparation steps of Khliaa Ezir: a traditional cured meat product of Algeria

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    Khliaa Ezir is a traditional and popular meat product, which is produced from whole beef, camel, goat or lamb meat. It is an Algerian and a ready to eat meat product that is marinated, cooked and ripened. The product is for numerous months preserved in an earthenware jar at room temperature. Microbiological investigation on Khliaa Ezir during preparation is a prerequisite and to our knowledge, this is the first study, which provide its preliminary microbiological characterization. Thus, the aim of the present work is to study the evolution of the microflora and microbiological safety of Khliaa Ezir during the main traditional preparation steps. The microbiological counts indicated that Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are the most abundant in the product, namely during the repining and storage period. However, total Coliforms were very low in fresh beef, being eliminated after 3 days of curing. Yeasts and Molds were the highest in fresh beef, and then disappeared after cooking and during the ripening and storage step. None of the pathogenic flora during the whole preparation steps were detected. We think that the cooking temperature applied during thermal treatment (80°C) contributed to the high hygienic quality of Khliaa Ezir. On another hand, a significant increase in pH was observed during the storage period to achieve a final pH of 6.19 ± 0.01 at 30 days of storage

    A Comparison of the Carcass and Meat Quality of ISA (F15) Spent Hens Slaughtered at Two Different Ages

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    International audienceObjective: A total of 16 spent hens (ISA F15) were slaughtered at about 220 and 337 days of age and studied for their muscle characteristics and sensory attributes. Methodology: Tenderness was estimated from breast muscle using penetrometer PNR 10 and sensory trained panel. Water Holding Capacity (WHC), percentage of released water, cooking loss, pH and Myofibril Fragmentation Index (MFI) were studied. Results: Penetration values were found negatively correlated with tenderness and MFI. Tenderness scores were negatively correlated with animal age and positively with pH. Overall acceptability of the meat of spent hens was judged higher irrespective of age. Multiple regressions analysis revealed that penetration depth was mainly explained by juiciness and MFI. Conclusion: In addition, the results revealed that sensory parameters representing textural properties of meat (tenderness, cohesiveness, chewiness and residues) were mainly explained by cooking losses
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